A comprehensive mathematical model of water splitting in bipolar membranes: Impact of the spatial distribution of fixed charges and catalyst at bipolar junction

Mareev, Semyon; Evdochenko, E.; Weßling, Matthias; Козадерова, О. А.; Нифталиев, С. И.; Pismenskaya, Natalia; Nikonenko, Victor

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118010

Cited by 74 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…18b). However, the role of the electric field (second Wein effect) is always considered beneficial for WD as well as in releasing H + (as H 3 O + ) and OH − from the catalyst surface and the junction [33][34][35] . Because the literature generally gives a comparison of the energies at the transition state by considering this as a fundamental energy barrier that is necessary to lower using various catalysts [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The small value of cumulative resistance of the SCBMs (R C+A+BLs : 0.906 ± 0.006 Ω cm 2 ) compared with the FumaTech FBM (R C+A+BLs : 1.41 ± 0.01 Ω cm 2 ) is also beneficial for enabling the quick supply of feed water to the junction and withdrawal of H + /OH − ions across the C/AEL of SCBMs. Another most important junctional characteristic is the water dissociation reaction resistance (R SCJ ) and its significant decrease with increase in current densities such as 0.679 Ω cm 2 at 30 mA cm −2 to 0.627 Ω cm 2 at 40 mA cm −2 (7.66% decrease) and 0.549 Ω cm 2 at 50 mA cm −2 (12.44% decrease) dictates an enhanced rate of water dissociation in SCBMs at high current densities (second Wein effect) [33][34][35] . Moreover, a comparatively smallest resistance (R CJI : 1.961 Ω cm 2 , R PCI : 1.293 Ω cm 2 and R JAI : 1.779 Ω cm 2 ) and largest admittance (Q-Y CJI : 0.002 S cm −2 s n , Q-Y PCI : 0.043 S cm −2 s n and Q-Y JAI : 1.592E-4 S cm −2 s n ) of the polyaniline-catalystsinterface (PCI) at both the 1 and 3 mA cm −2 predict fast ionic transportation and WD within the junction due to the abundance of PANI and the catalyst ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A CBM polarises water within the catalytic junction under reverse bias DC potential and split the water molecules into protons and hydroxide ions. The externally applied electric also contributes to removing the produced H+ and OH − ions out from the catalytic junction [33][34][35] , toward the counter electrodes by permeating through the C/AEL pair and consume the available salt-anion (SO 4 2− ) and salt-cation (Na + ) to generate acid (H 2 SO 4 ) and base (NaOH), respectively. Figure 6c shows linearly increased acid-base generations and a simultaneously decreased concentration of the salt-ions (salinewater desalination).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shielded goethite catalyst that enables fast water dissociation in bipolar membranes

Shehzad

Yasmin

et al. 2021

Nat Commun

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Optimal pH conditions for efficient artificial photosynthesis, hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions, and photoreduction of carbon dioxide are now successfully achievable with catalytic bipolar membranes-integrated water dissociation and in-situ acid-base generations. However, inefficiency and instability are severe issues in state-of-the-art membranes, which need to urgently resolve with systematic membrane designs and innovative, inexpensive junctional catalysts. Here we show a shielding and in-situ formation strategy of fully-interconnected earth-abundant goethite Fe+3O(OH) catalyst, which lowers the activation energy barrier from 5.15 to 1.06 eV per HO − H bond and fabricates energy-efficient, cost-effective, and durable shielded catalytic bipolar membranes. Small water dissociation voltages at limiting current density (ULCD: 0.8 V) and 100 mA cm−2 (U100: 1.1 V), outstanding cyclic stability at 637 mA cm−2, long-time electro-stability, and fast acid-base generations (H2SO4: 3.9 ± 0.19 and NaOH: 4.4 ± 0.21 M m−2 min−1 at 100 mA cm−2) infer confident potential use of the novel bipolar membranes in emerging sustainable technologies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Shielded goethite catalyst that enables fast water dissociation in bipolar membranes

Shehzad

Yasmin

et al. 2021

Nat Commun

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“…A BM consists of the overlapping of a cation-exchange layer (CEL) and an anion-exchange layer (AEL), whose inter-layer (thinner than 10 nm [8,30]) promotes water dissociation when a voltage (>0.83 V) is applied, thus releasing H + and OH − [8,10,12,30] at a rate that is six (or more) orders of magnitude larger than in solution [8,12]. This is caused by the catalytic role of the functional groups and/or of the catalyst in the bipolar region, and to the strong electric field (second Wien effect) [31]. The mechanisms of ion transfer and water dissociation are still under study via theoretical approaches and numerical models [31].…”

Section: Of 93mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is caused by the catalytic role of the functional groups and/or of the catalyst in the bipolar region, and to the strong electric field (second Wien effect) [31]. The mechanisms of ion transfer and water dissociation are still under study via theoretical approaches and numerical models [31]. Novel preparation techniques based on electrospinning methods can produce high-performing BMs [32,33].…”

Section: Of 93mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodialysis Applications in Wastewater Treatment for Environmental Protection and Resources Recovery: A Systematic Review on Progress and Perspectives

et al. 2020

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This paper presents a comprehensive review of studies on electrodialysis (ED) applications in wastewater treatment, outlining the current status and the future prospect. ED is a membrane process of separation under the action of an electric field, where ions are selectively transported across ion-exchange membranes. ED of both conventional or unconventional fashion has been tested to treat several waste or spent aqueous solutions, including effluents from various industrial processes, municipal wastewater or salt water treatment plants, and animal farms. Properties such as selectivity, high separation efficiency, and chemical-free treatment make ED methods adequate for desalination and other treatments with significant environmental benefits. ED technologies can be used in operations of concentration, dilution, desalination, regeneration, and valorisation to reclaim wastewater and recover water and/or other products, e.g., heavy metal ions, salts, acids/bases, nutrients, and organics, or electrical energy. Intense research activity has been directed towards developing enhanced or novel systems, showing that zero or minimal liquid discharge approaches can be techno-economically affordable and competitive. Despite few real plants having been installed, recent developments are opening new routes for the large-scale use of ED techniques in a plethora of treatment processes for wastewater.

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Nanocomposite interface coupled with thickness optimization promoting water dissociation in heterogeneous bipolar membrane

Eswaraswamy

Goel

Mandal

et al. 2021

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Bipolar membranes (BPMs) are multilayered composite film containing an interface layer sandwiched between cation exchange layer (CEL) and anion exchange layer (AEL), and are capable of dissociating water molecules under reverse bias potential. Woven fabric supported heterogeneous bipolar membranes (HBMs) were synthesized adopting layer‐by‐layer solvent casting technique. Nanocomposite layer based on sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK) and GO (graphene oxide) were applied at the interface of CEL/AEL made of cation/anion exchange resins and poly (vinyl chloride) as binder to advance water dissociation in HBMs. Thickness of monopolar layers were initially optimized without any interfacial layer. Introduction of SPEEK interface substantially lowered onset water dissociation potential, Udiss (~1.87 V) relative to the HBM without interface (~3.27 V), which got further reduced (~1.80 V) by nanocomposite (GO + SPEEK) interface. Udiss recorded with SPEEK + GO as interface was much lower than some of the recently reported homogeneous BPM. The NaOH production from NaCl (1.0 mol⋅L−1) solution in a bipolar membrane electrodialysis set up containing synthesized HBM with nanocomposite interface (SPEEK + GO) was double than that of NaOH concentration obtained with HBM having no interface, where the current density was fixed at 50.0 mA·cm−2. Careful optimization of monopolar/interface layer thickness and composition of nanocomposite interface results in developing cost effective HBMs facilitating water dissociation at lower potential.

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A comprehensive mathematical model of water splitting in bipolar membranes: Impact of the spatial distribution of fixed charges and catalyst at bipolar junction

Cited by 74 publications

References 83 publications

Shielded goethite catalyst that enables fast water dissociation in bipolar membranes

Shielded goethite catalyst that enables fast water dissociation in bipolar membranes

Electrodialysis Applications in Wastewater Treatment for Environmental Protection and Resources Recovery: A Systematic Review on Progress and Perspectives

Nanocomposite interface coupled with thickness optimization promoting water dissociation in heterogeneous bipolar membrane

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