“…As shown in Figure 9, the time step size
at global level is sub‐divided into a number of sub‐steps, which are denoted by
and the corresponding stresses are denoted as
. The size of a sub‐step
is adaptively adjusted based on the performance of the NR iteration in the previous sub‐step using a multiplier
based on the concept of Reference
41, which is defined as:
where
is a predefined value which is the desirable number of maximum iterations to achieve convergence and k is the number of iterations utilized in the previous sub‐step. If
, the step size adjustment multiplier
will be larger than 1, which indicates that the size of next sub‐step will be larger than previous step and vice versa.…”