A comprehensive hierarchical blockchain system for carbon emission trading utilizing blockchain of things and smart contract

Sadawi, Alia Al; Madani, Batool; Saboor, Sara; Ndiaye, Malick; Abu–Lebdeh, Ghassan

doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121124

Cited by 96 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Urbanization rate (URB). This paper selects the proportion of urban population in the total population to measure the urbanization rate [ 56 ]. Ownership structure (OWN).…”

Section: Methodology and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Effect of Carbon Trading Pilot Policy in China: Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment

Zhang

2022

IJERPH

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Promoting the carbon emission trading system has been a crucial measure for China to fulfill its carbon neutrality commitment. Taking the carbon emission trading system implemented in China in 2013 as a quasi-natural experiment, based on the provincial panel data of China from 2005 to 2019, this paper adopts the difference-in-difference (DID) method and the synthetic control method (SCM) to evaluate the impact of the carbon emission trading system on energy conservation and emission reduction in pilot provinces and cities. The research findings reveal that, on the whole, the carbon emission trading system has significantly promoted the process of energy conservation and emission reduction in pilot provinces and cities. Other robustness tests, including the parallel trend test, PSM–DID stationarity test and placebo test have also been passed. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the most significant policy effects occur in Tianjin and Shanghai, followed by Hubei. The emission reduction effect of Guangdong displays a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. The test results demonstrate that the carbon emission trading system can strengthen the process of energy conservation and emission reduction by optimizing the industrial structure and energy structure. In conclusion, policy makers should coordinate the relationship between the government and the market and speed up the transformation of environmental policy from command control type to market incentive type. Meanwhile, improve the property right system and accelerate the promotion of carbon emission trading pilot policies in China according to local conditions. By encouraging technological innovation, a new market-oriented path of energy conservation and emission reduction guided by the enhancement of energy efficiency and the optimization of energy and industrial structures ought to be formed.

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“…Urbanization rate (URB). This paper selects the proportion of urban population in the total population to measure the urbanization rate [ 56 ]. Ownership structure (OWN).…”

Section: Methodology and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Effect of Carbon Trading Pilot Policy in China: Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment

Zhang

2022

IJERPH

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“…[93,94], some of the problems related to smart city transportation were debated. These works demonstrated that there are concerns in rethinking the transformations of localities in terms of improvement of public transport and logistics [95,96], water supply [97], green energy [98], environment [99], health [100,101], education [102][103][104][105], and economics [106][107][108][109] by using the blockchain, which offers the possibility to use distributed stored data, and performs transactions without intermediaries between producers and beneficiaries [106,109] without data security problems [107]. The blockchain architecture [93,94] is the one that will strengthen the importance of using smart contracts in the development of transactions between the parties.…”

Section: A Panoramic Overview On Blockchain For Scmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain-Enabled Smart Grid Applications: Architecture, Challenges, and Solutions

et al. 2022

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The conventional electrical grid is undergoing substantial growth for reliable grid operation and for more efficient and sustainable energy use. The traditional grid is now metamorphosing into a smart grid (SG) that incorporates a diverse, heterogeneous blend of operating measures such as smart appliances, meters, and renewable energy resources. With better efficient results and dependability, the SG can be described as a modern electric power grid architecture. The SG is one of the greatest potential advances as a promising solution for the energy crisis. However, it is complex and its decentralization could be of tremendous benefit. Moreover, digitalization and integration of a large number of growing connections make it a target of cyber-attacks. In this sense, blockchain is a promising SG paradigm solution that offers several excellent features. There has been considerable effort put into using blockchains in the smart grid for its decentralization and enhanced cybersecurity; however, it has not been thoroughly studied in both application and architectural perspectives. An in-depth study was conducted on blockchain-enabled SG applications. Blockchain architectures for various applications, such as the synchrophasor applications, electric vehicles, energy management systems, etc., were proposed. The purpose of this article is to provide directions for future research efforts aimed at secure and decentralized SG applications using blockchain.

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“…One of the key problems faced in emission reduction governance modes dominated by carbon emission rights trading is the way in which to establish a complete set of initial carbon emission reduction quota allocation schemes on the premise of fairness, effectiveness, and rationality [33]. However, it is still controversial whether the allocation standard is the total amount of carbon emissions or the total amount of carbon emission reduction [34]. The initial quota scheme is directly related to the effectiveness of emission reduction governance.…”

Section: The Marketization Of Energy Use Rights and Carbon Emission R...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Emission Efficiency Network: Evolutionary Game and Sensitivity Analysis between Differentiated Efficiency Groups and Local Governments

Zhang¹,

Tai

Cheng

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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With its proposal of the “double carbon” (peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutralization) goal, China has entered a new stage in creating an ecological civilization and achieving sustainable development. Based on the formation and evolution mechanism of the carbon emission efficiency network, in this study, a trilateral evolutionary game model—including efficiency groups (high- and low-efficiency groups) and local governments—was constructed, in an attempt to discuss the conditions needed for different players and trilateral interconnected systems to implement balanced and stable strategies. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the participants’ evolutionary trajectories toward factors such as the initial strategy ratio, transition cost, and network capital were tested via a system simulation. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) Efficiency groups form a virtuous circle when the initial proportion of the participants’ strategies reaches a certain threshold, and converge into a stable “win–win” state. Under these circumstances, high-efficiency groups tend to give full play to their efficiency advantages in terms of carbon emission reduction and green development, while low-efficiency groups tend to choose green transformation and accept the spillover effect from high-efficiency groups. (2) When efficiency groups achieve a “win–win” state or form good self-management, local governments move from active supervision to a passive supervision strategy in order to reduce supervision costs. (3) While different initial strategy proportions do not affect the stable convergence point of the evolutionary system, they have a differentiated impact on the convergence speed of the players. Under the condition of a low initial strategy ratio, transformation costs can reduce the green transformation enthusiasm of inefficient groups, while network capital can enhance the green transformation willingness of inefficient groups.

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A comprehensive hierarchical blockchain system for carbon emission trading utilizing blockchain of things and smart contract

Cited by 96 publications

References 44 publications

The Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Effect of Carbon Trading Pilot Policy in China: Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment

The Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Effect of Carbon Trading Pilot Policy in China: Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment

Blockchain-Enabled Smart Grid Applications: Architecture, Challenges, and Solutions

Carbon Emission Efficiency Network: Evolutionary Game and Sensitivity Analysis between Differentiated Efficiency Groups and Local Governments

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