A Comprehensive Experimental Comparison of Event Driven and Multi-Threaded Sensor Node Operating Systems

Duffy, Cormac; Roedig, Utz; Herbert, John J.; Sreenan, Cormac J.

doi:10.4304/jnw.3.3.57-70

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…The code in Figure 10 handles incoming packets for the CC2420 radio driver in a loop. After awaking from a new packet notification (line 4), the program enters in a sequence to read the bytes from the hardware buffer (lines [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. If any anomaly is found on the received data, the program invokes emit next to discard the current packet (lines 10 and 14).…”

Section: Internal Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A known limitation of languages with synchronous and cooperative execution is that they cannot guarantee hard real-time deadlines [10,23]. For instance, the rigorous synchronous semantics of Céu forbids non-deterministic preemption to serve high priority trails.…”

Section: Responsivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We run the experiment varying the duration of the lengthy activity from 1 to 128 milliseconds, covering a wide set of applications (summarized in Table 1). We assume that the lengthy operation is implemented directly in C and cannot be easily split in smaller operations (e.g., recursive algorithms [10,23]). So, we simulated them with simple busy waits that would keep the driver in Céu unresponsive during that period.…”

Section: Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Safe system-level concurrency on resource-constrained nodes

Sant’Anna

Rodríguez

Ierusalimschy

et al. 2013

Proceedings of the 11th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems

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Despite the continuous research to facilitate WSNs development, most safety analysis and mitigation efforts in concurrency are still left to developers, who must manage synchronization and shared memory explicitly. In this paper, we present a system language that ensures safe concurrency by handling threats at compile time, rather than at runtime. Based on the synchronous programming model, our design allows for a simple reasoning about concurrency that enables compile-time analysis resulting in deterministic and memory-safe programs. As a trade-off, our design imposes limitations on the language expressiveness, such as doing computationally-intensive operations and meeting hard realtime responsiveness. To show that the achieved expressiveness and responsiveness is sufficient for a wide range of WSN applications, we implement widespread network protocols and the CC2420 radio driver. The implementations show a reduction in source code size, with a penalty of memory increase below 10% in comparison to nesC. Overall, we ensure safety properties for programs relying on high-level control abstractions that also lead to concise and readable code.

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Section: Internal Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Responsivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Safe system-level concurrency on resource-constrained nodes

Sant’Anna

Rodríguez

Ierusalimschy

et al. 2013

Proceedings of the 11th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems

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“…The input event Switch (line 1) is used to request application switches remotely. 10 Initially, the code behaves as application 1 (lines 7-9), but is also waiting for a Switch request in parallel (line 5). Whenever a new request occurs, the par/or terminates, kills the running application, and restarts as the requested application.…”

Section: : Loop Domentioning

confidence: 99%

Céu: Embedded, Safe, and Reactive Programming

Santanna¹,

Rodríguez²,

Ierusalimschy³

2018

DImcc

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CÉU is a programming language that unifies the features found in dataflow and imperative synchronous reactive languages, offering a high-level and safe alternative to event-driven and multithreaded systems for embedded systems.CÉU supports concurrent lines of execution that run in time steps and are allowed to share variables. However, the synchronous and static nature of CÉU enables a compile time analysis that can enforce deterministic and memory-safe programs.CÉU also introduces first-class support for "wall-clock" time (i.e. time from the real world), and offers seamless integration with C and simulation of programs in the language itself.The CÉU compiler generates single-threaded code comparable to handcrafted C programs in terms of size and portability.Resumo. CÉUé uma linguagem que unifica os estilos dataflow e imperativo das linguagens síncronas reativas, oferecendo uma alternativa segura e de alto nível aos modelos orientados a eventos e multithreaded para sistemas embarcados. CÉU suporta linhas de execução concorrentes que avançam em passos de tempo e podem compartilhar variáveis. No entanto, a natureza síncrona e estática de CÉU viabiliza uma análise em tempo de compilação que assegura programas determinísticos.CÉU também introduz suporte de primeira classe para wall-clock time (i.e. tempo do mundo real) e oferece integração com C e simulação de programas na própria linguagem.O compilador de CÉU gera código single-threaded comparável a programas C em termos de tamanho e portabilidade.

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“…Duffy et al [6] compare the memory usage and processing capabilities of MANTIS (That is, a type of multi-tasking sensor node platform) and TinyOS (That is, a type of event-driven sensor node platform). The experimental results show that the packet forwarding task execution time in MANTIS has low variation and is independent of other activities, such as sensing tasks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance study of real-time scheduling schemes in configurable component-based sensor node platforms

Tak

Kim

et al. 2014

Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication

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This paper presents a performance evaluation of real-time scheduling schemes in configurable component-based sensor node platforms from two perspectives: a configurable component-based sensor node platform and a scheduling scheme for a mix of periodic and aperiodic tasks running on the sensor node platform. We consider two different types of configurable component-based sensor node platforms: event-driven and multi-tasking sensor node platforms. The basic components of these two configurable component-based sensor node platforms are tasks. Tasks are classified to have periodic and aperiodic properties. Periodic tasks need to be processed in a timely fashion and delivered to meet their deadlines, while aperiodic tasks need to be quickly processed for fast responses without missing any periodic task deadlines. Consequently, we present two different scheduling schemes for event-based and multi-tasking sensor node platforms, which attempt to meet the timing constraints of periodic tasks and improve the response time of aperiodic tasks. The experimental evaluation showed that the proposed scheduling schemes yielded efficient performance in terms of the minimal deadline miss ratio of periodic tasks and a fast average response time for aperiodic tasks.

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A Comprehensive Experimental Comparison of Event Driven and Multi-Threaded Sensor Node Operating Systems

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Safe system-level concurrency on resource-constrained nodes

Safe system-level concurrency on resource-constrained nodes

Céu: Embedded, Safe, and Reactive Programming

Performance study of real-time scheduling schemes in configurable component-based sensor node platforms

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