A Comprehensive Energy Model for an Optimal Design of a Hybrid Refrigerated Van

Abstract

The path towards decarbonization requires a progressive adaptation of all refrigeration systems, but only stationary ones have been intensely studied to improve their environmental performance. However, refrigerated transport is vital in the cold chain and must be considered in the green transition. In this paper, we propose a model for a hybrid refrigerated van that includes photovoltaic panels and electric batteries to decrease total greenhouse gas emissions from the engine. Thermal, electrical, and battery sub-models are considered and integrated into the comprehensive hybrid solar-powered refrigerated van model. Different technologies are compared, including lithium and lead-acid batteries and three different types of photovoltaic panels. The model was validated regarding van fuel consumption, showing a 4% deviation. Single and multiple delivery scenarios are considered to assess the energy, economic, and environmental benefits. Monthly CO2,e emissions could be reduced by 20% compared to a standard refrigerated van. Despite the environmental benefits provided by this sustainable solution, the payback period is still too long (above 20 years) because of the necessary investment to adapt the vehicle and considering fuel and electricity prices currently.

Systematic Opportunity Scan of Energy Recovery Technologies Applied to Trucks with Electric Refrigerated Units

“…In the work conducted by Maiorino et al [36], a model for hybrid refrigerated vans is proposed that incorporates photovoltaic panels and electric batteries with the aim of reducing total greenhouse gas emissions from internal combustion engines. The study compares various technologies, including lithium and lead-acid batteries, as well as three different types of photovoltaic panels.…”

Simulation-Based Sizing of a Secondary Loop Cooling System for a Refrigerated Vehicle

“…Already in the design stage, the correct dimensioning of the individual components of the refrigerated vehicle is of great importance. For example, Maiorino et al [6] studied the optimal design of the battery and photovoltaic panels of a hybrid refrigerated van. However, particular attention should be paid to the sizing of the cooling system, as this is one of the most critical components in terms of energy consumption and meeting the vehicle's cooling needs.…”