A comprehensive characterization of the peptide and protein constituents of human seminal fluid

Fung, Kim Y. C.; Glodé, L. Michael; Green, Spencer; Duncan, Mark W.

doi:10.1002/pros.20089

Cited by 129 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The prostate gland and seminal vesicles produce seminal fluid in mammalian males [7]. Hence, the prostate constitutes a critical locus for the interaction of steroid hormones and seminal fluid proteins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The androgen receptor and prostate cancer: A role for sexual selection and sexual conflict?

Summers

Crespi

2008

Medical Hypotheses

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Summary We propose and evaluate the hypothesis that the CAG repeat region of the androgen receptor represents a locus of antagonistic pleiotropy in the context of sexual selection and sexual conflict. Short repeats are associated with increased transactivation of the androgen receptor at the molecular level, and increased fertility at the phenotypic level. However, short repeats are also associated with increased risk of prostate cancer, and with more aggressive forms of the disease. The somatic evolution of cancer cell lineages also shows a repeated pattern of shortening of the CAG repeat in association with cancer progression, apparently as a result of positive selection among cell lineages. We further postulate that other genes associated with prostate cancer are likely to mediate antagonistic pleiotropy in the context of sexual selection and sexual conflict. A key prediction of this hypothesis is that the genes mediating antagonistic pleiotropy will show historical evidence of positive selection, particularly in the context of sexual conflict. Previous research on the molecular evolution of specific genes associated with prostate cancer supports this prediction, and we suggest further critical tests of the role for genomic conflicts and tradeoffs in the evolution of cancer risk.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The androgen receptor and prostate cancer: A role for sexual selection and sexual conflict?

Summers

Crespi

2008

Medical Hypotheses

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“…The concentration of proteins in the seminal plasma ranges from 35 to 55 g/l, and proteomic analysis leads to the identification of .900 proteins (3,4). High levels of cytokines and chemokines have been described in seminal plasma, being the concentrations of TGF-b1, TGF-b2, TGFb3, IL-7, stromal cell-derived factor-1a, MCP-1, and IL-8 .1000 pg/ml (4)(5)(6)(7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Semen Promotes the Differentiation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells

Lenicov

Rodrígues

Sabatté

et al. 2012

The Journal of Immunology

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Seminal plasma is not just a carrier for spermatozoa. It contains high concentrations of cytokines, chemokines, and other biological compounds that are able to exert potent effects on the immune system of the receptive partner. Previous studies have shown that semen induces an acute inflammatory response at the female genital mucosa after coitus. Moreover, it induces regulatory mechanisms that allow the fetus (a semiallograft) to grow and develop in the uterus. The mechanisms underlying these regulatory mechanisms, however, are poorly understood. In this study, we show that seminal plasma redirects the differentiation of human dendritic cells (DCs) toward a regulatory profile. DCs differentiated from human monocytes in the presence of high dilutions of seminal plasma did not express CD1a but showed high levels of CD14. They were unable to develop a fully mature phenotype in response to LPS, TNF-α, CD40L, Pam2CSK4 (TLR2/6 agonist), or Pam3CSK4 (TLR1/2 agonist). Upon activation, they produced low amounts of the inflammatory cytokines IL-12p70, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, but expressed a high ability to produce IL-10 and TGF-β. Inhibition of the PG receptors E-prostanoid receptors 2 and 4 prevented the tolerogenic effect induced by seminal plasma on the phenotype and function of DCs, suggesting that E-series PGs play a major role. By promoting a tolerogenic profile in DCs, seminal plasma might favor fertility, but might also compromise the capacity of the receptive partner to mount an effective immune response against sexually transmitted pathogens.

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“…The flight time of each ionized fragment is proportional to the square root of the m/z ratio. As the charge (z) of the ionized proteins is often þ1, the m/z value is often equal to the mass (2003) MALDI-TOF Impaired spermatogenesis Utleg et al (2003) LCMS/MS Prostasome Fung et al (2004) MALDI-TOF; LC-MS/MS Healthy fertile men Pilch and Mann (2006) MALDI-TOF; LTQ-FT Healthy fertile man Yang et al (2007) SELDI-TOF Biomarkers of oligospermia Yamakawa et al (2007) LCMS/MS Infertile versus fertile men Bai et al (2008) SELDI-TOF Severe oligospermia versus healthy fertile men Kumar et al (2008) MALDI-TOF Heparin binding proteins in human seminal plasma Kumar et al (2009) MALDI-TOF Heparin binding proteins in human seminal plasma Wang et al (2009) LCMS/MS Asthenozoospermia Drake et al (2010) LTQ-Orbitrap XL Prostatic secretions Batruch et al (2011) LTQ-Orbitrap XL Post-vasectomy versus healthy fertile men Milardi et al (2012b) LTQ-Orbitrap XL Healthy fertile men Batruch et al (2012) LTQ-Orbitrap XL Non-obstructive azoospermia Kagedan et al (2012) LTQ-Orbitrap XL Prostatitis Molecular Reproduction & Development value. The spectral output produced by MALDI-TOF is represented by a number of protein peaks, which are described by a m/z value on the horizontal axis and by a peak-intensity value on the vertical axis (Schuchardt and Sickmann, 2007).…”

Section: Maldi-tof Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, 2D gel electrophoretic separation followed by identification with either MALDI-TOF MS or capillary LC-MS/MS was used to visualize the whole seminal proteome, from which over 100 protein and peptide components of normal human seminal fluid were identified (Fung et al, 2004). Analysis by 2D gel electrophoresis also revealed many SP proteins <30 kDa that were identified as truncated forms of semenogelin I and II, cystatin S, cystatin C, and variants of prolactin inducible protein.…”

Section: Lcms/msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomics of human seminal plasma: Identification of biomarker candidates for fertility and infertility and the evolution of technology

Milardi

Grande

Vincenzoni

et al. 2013

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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Proteomics is a research area that has developed rapidly in the last decade. It studies the large-scale characterization of the full protein components of a cell, a tissue, or a biological fluid. In the last decade, clinical proteomics has developed new technology and bioinformatics useful in identifying molecular markers of pathology; the next decade might be the era of proteomics. Seminal plasma (SP) represents a good sample for proteomic analysis in the evaluation of male fertility/infertility. SP is an acellular fluid conglomerate, comprised of contributions from the epididymis and accessory sexual glands. Human SP contains many proteins that are important to the successful fertilization of the oocyte by the spermatozoa. Proteomic studies have identified numerous seminal-specific proteins, and recent reports have provided a further understanding of their function with respect to male fertility. Upon further validation, these proteins may be useful in the clinical distinction between fertility and infertility. This article reviews the proteomic methods, such as one dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1DÀPAGE), two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2DÀPAGE), and mass spectrometry (MS), employed to detect human SP markers involved in fertility and infertility. As such, proteomic studies will help the development of new techniques to identify novel biomarkers for a better clinical diagnosis and treatment of male infertility.Mol. Reprod. Dev. 80: 350À357,

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A comprehensive characterization of the peptide and protein constituents of human seminal fluid

Abstract: We have identified over 100 protein and peptide components of normal human seminal fluid.

Cited by 129 publications

References 57 publications

The androgen receptor and prostate cancer: A role for sexual selection and sexual conflict?

The androgen receptor and prostate cancer: A role for sexual selection and sexual conflict?

Semen Promotes the Differentiation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells

Proteomics of human seminal plasma: Identification of biomarker candidates for fertility and infertility and the evolution of technology

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