A Comprehensive Characterization of Pyrolysis Oil from Softwood Barks

Ben, Haoxi; Wu, Fengze; Wu, Zhihong; Han, Guangting; Jiang, Wei; Ragauskas, Arthur J.

doi:10.3390/polym11091387

Cited by 52 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 54 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For instance, Table 8 shows a comparison of the HHVs between leather oil, biomass derived pyrolysis oils and conventional oils. The HHV of the leather pyrolysis oils are higher than biomass pyrolysis oils such as softwood lignin (30.04 MJ/kg) (Ben and Ragauskas, 2011), softwood barks (25.3-26.7 MJ/kg) (Ben et al, 2019), wood and agricultural residues (16.0-19.0 MJ/kg) (Zhang et al, 2007, andMeier et al, 2013) and pine/spruce wood (16.4-17.6 MJ/kg) (Chiaramonti et al, 2007). In addition, the leather oil HHVs are higher than low-grade coal (18 MJ/kg) (Dinçer and Zamfirescu, 2014) but lower than conventional oils such as diesel (45.7 MJ/kg) and gasoline (47.3 MJ/kg) (Channiwala and Parikh, 2002).…”

Section: Liquid Yield and Analysismentioning

confidence: 90%

Characterization and pyrolysis of post-consumer leather shoe waste for the recovery of valuable chemicals

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Majority of post-consumer leather footwear currently ends up in landfill sites with adverse environmental impacts. Current waste recovery options have proven largely unsuccessful in minimizing this waste stream. This study investigates whether leather from post-consumer footwear can be pyrolyzed using gram-scale (fixed-bed) and microgram-scale (TGA) pyrolysis reactors. The investigation was conducted using final pyrolysis process temperatures between 450 and 650 °C and solid residence times of 5 to 15 minutes. The purpose of the experiments was to assess the waste recovery potential of leather pyrolysis products for valuable chemicals. The pyrolysis product fractions (solid, liquid, and gas) distribution were investigated, optimal pyrolysis conditions presented, and the product fractions characterized for their elemental and chemical composition using ultimate and GC-MS analysis. The distribution of the product fractions proved leather footwear pyrolysis was viable under the given conditions. The completion of leather footwear pyrolysis was evident at 650°C since the solid yield reached a constant value of approximately 25 wt.%. The liquid fraction was maximized within the temperature range of 550-650°C (Max= 54 wt.%), suggesting optimal pyrolysis conditions within this range. The higher heating values (HHVs) of the pyrolysis leather oil (33.6 MJ/kg) and char (25.6 MJ/kg) suggested their potential application for energy or fuel. The liquid fraction comprised predominantly of nitrogen derivatives and potential applications areas include use in the production of fertilizers, chemical feedstocks, or the pharmaceutical industry. This study proved that leather from post-consumer footwear can be pyrolyzed and provided valuable insight into its characterization and potential applications areas.

show abstract

Section: Liquid Yield and Analysismentioning

confidence: 90%

Characterization and pyrolysis of post-consumer leather shoe waste for the recovery of valuable chemicals

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This might be attributed to the formation of C-O bonds. Bet et al 2019 [32] provide a comprehensive analysis of the bio-oil pyrolysis showing that the hydroxyl group interacts with the aromatic ring to form aromatic C-O bonds.…”

Section: Elemental Analysis Of Biofuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis of Solid Waste for Bio-Oil and Char Production in Refugees’ Camp: A Case Study

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The current research focuses on assessing the potential of municipal solid waste (MSW) conversion into biofuel using pyrolysis process. The MSW samples were taken from Zaatari Syrian Refugee Camp. The physical and chemical characteristics of MSW were studied using proximate and elemental analysis. The results showed that moisture content of MSW is 32.3%, volatile matter (VM) is 67.99%, fixed carbon (FC) content is 5.46%, and ash content is 24.33%. The chemical analysis was conducted using CHNS analyzer and found that the percentage of elements contents: 46% Carbon (C) content, 12% Hydrogen (H2), 2% Nitrogen (N2), 44% Oxygen (O2), and higher heat value (HHV) is 26.14 MJ/kg. The MSW pyrolysis was conducted using tubular fluidized bed reactor (FBR) under inert gas (Nitrogen) at 500 °C with 20 °C/min heating rate and using average particles size 5–10 mm. The products of MSW pyrolysis reaction were: pyrolytic liquid, solid char, and gaseous mixture. The pyrolytic oil and residual char were analyzed using Elemental Analyzer and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of FTIR showed that oil product has considerable amounts of alkenes, alkanes, and carbonyl groups due to high organic compounds contents in MSW. The elemental analysis results showed that oil product content consists of 55% C, 37% O2, and the HHV is 20.8 MJ/kg. The elemental analysis of biochar showed that biochar content consists of 47% C, 49% O2, and HHV is 11.5 MJ/kg. Further research is recommended to study the effects of parameters as reactor types and operating conditions to assess the feasibility of MSW pyrolysis, in addition to the environmental impact study which is necessary to identify and predict the relevant environmental effects of this process.

show abstract

“… E4tech, 2018 ; PubChem, 2020b ; Olah and Prakash, 2011 ; Andersson and Salazar, 2015 ; PubChem, 2020a ; Sivebaek and Jakobsen, 2007 ; Chemical Book, 2020 ; European Biofuels Technology Platform, 2011 ; Groupe International des Importateurs de Gaz, 2019 ; Ikealumba and Wu, 2014 ; Hagos and Ahlgren, 2017 ; University of Birmingham, 2011 ; Linde, 2011 ; Bridgwater, 2012 ; Ben et al., 2019 ; Lehto et al., 2013 ; Wang, 2013 ; Kim and Lee, 2015 ; Oasmaa and Peacocke, 2010 ; Moirangthem, 2016 ; Nattrass et al., 2014 ; Perkins et al., 2018 ; Castello et al, 2018 . …”

Section: Biofuel Alternativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of crude glycerin or biogas as feedstock raises bio-methanol GHG emissions to over 30 g CO 2 eq/MJ, which is still a big improvement over the existing fuels (Chaplin, 2013). E4tech, 2018;PubChem, 2020b;Olah and Prakash, 2011;Andersson and Salazar, 2015;PubChem, 2020a;Sivebaek and Jakobsen, 2007;Chemical Book, 2020;European Biofuels Technology Platform, 2011;Groupe International des Importateurs de Gaz, 2019;Ikealumba and Wu, 2014;Hagos and Ahlgren, 2017;University of Birmingham, 2011;Linde, 2011;Bridgwater, 2012;Ben et al, 2019;Lehto et al, 2013;Wang, 2013;Kim and Lee, 2015;Oasmaa and Peacocke, 2010;Moirangthem, 2016;Nattrass et al, 2014;Perkins et al, 2018;Castello et al, 2018. a Relative density based on air = 1 for LNG. One of the largest bio-methanol plants in operation is the Enerkem plant in Alberta, Canada, with a capacity of 38 million liters per annum from 100,000 t/year municipal solid waste (Chen, 2018).…”

Section: Bio-methanol Production Routesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Perspective on Biofuels Use and CCS for GHG Mitigation in the Marine Sector

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary The greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the marine sector were around 2.6% of world GHG emissions in 2015 and are expected to increase 50%–250% to 2050 under a “business as usual” scenario, making the decarbonization of this fossil fuel-intensive sector an urgent priority. Biofuels, which come in various forms, are one of the most promising options to replace existing marine fuels for accomplishing this in the short to medium term. Some unique challenges, however, impede biofuels penetration in the shipping sector, including the low cost of the existing fuels, the extensive present-day refueling infrastructure, and the exclusion of the sector from the Paris climate agreement. To address this, it is necessary to first identify those biofuels best suited for deployment as marine fuel. In this work, the long list of possible biofuel candidates has been narrowed down to four high-potential options—bio-methanol, bio-dimethyl ether, bio-liquefied natural gas, and bio-oil. These options are further evaluated based on six criteria—cost, potential availability, present technology status, GHG mitigation potential, infrastructure compatibility, and carbon capture and storage (CCS) compatibility—via both an extensive literature review and stakeholder discussions. These four candidates turn out to be relatively evenly matched overall, but each possesses certain strengths and shortcomings that could favor that fuel under specific circumstances, such as if compatibility with existing shipping infrastructure or with CCS deployment become pivotal requirements. Furthermore, we pay particular attention to the possibility of integrating deployment of these biofuels with CCS to further reduce marine sector emissions. It is shown that this aspect is presently not on the radar of the industry stakeholders but is likely to grow in importance as CCS acceptability increases in the broader green energy sector.

show abstract

A Comprehensive Characterization of Pyrolysis Oil from Softwood Barks

Cited by 52 publications

References 54 publications

Characterization and pyrolysis of post-consumer leather shoe waste for the recovery of valuable chemicals

Characterization and pyrolysis of post-consumer leather shoe waste for the recovery of valuable chemicals

Pyrolysis of Solid Waste for Bio-Oil and Char Production in Refugees’ Camp: A Case Study

A Perspective on Biofuels Use and CCS for GHG Mitigation in the Marine Sector

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About