A comprehensive and critical overview of schistosomiasis vaccine candidates

Al-Naseri, Aya; Al-Absi, Samar; Ridi, Rashika El; Mahana, Noha

doi:10.1007/s12639-021-01387-w

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 283 publications

(382 reference statements)

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“…Sigma class GSTs have well established multi-functional roles in the host–parasite interaction, including general detoxification of xenobiotic and endogenously derived toxins and prostaglandin synthase activity and as such have been suggested as vaccine candidates within Fasciola [ 85 , 86 , 87 ] and Schistosoma [ 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 ]. We have identified two novel A. perfoliata Sigma class GSTs (ApGST-S1, GST-S2.1, and GST-S2.2) within the A. perfoliata transcriptome, confirmed by secondary structure assessment, domain analysis, and phylogenetic analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Immune Modulators in the Secretome of the Equine Tapeworm Anoplocephala perfoliata

et al. 2021

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Anoplocephala perfoliata is a neglected gastro-intestinal tapeworm, commonly infecting horses worldwide. Molecular investigation of A. perfoliata is hampered by a lack of tools to better understand the host–parasite interface. This interface is likely influenced by parasite derived immune modulators released in the secretome as free proteins or components of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Therefore, adult RNA was sequenced and de novo assembled to generate the first A. perfoliata transcriptome. In addition, excretory secretory products (ESP) from adult A. perfoliata were collected and EVs isolated using size exclusion chromatography, prior to proteomic analysis of the EVs, the EV surface and EV depleted ESP. Transcriptome analysis revealed 454 sequences homologous to known helminth immune modulators including two novel Sigma class GSTs, five α-HSP90s, and three α-enolases with isoforms of all three observed within the proteomic analysis of the secretome. Furthermore, secretome proteomics identified common helminth proteins across each sample with known EV markers, such as annexins and tetraspanins, observed in EV fractions. Importantly, 49 of the 454 putative immune modulators were identified across the secretome proteomics contained within and on the surface of EVs in addition to those identified in free ESP. This work provides the molecular tools for A. perfoliata to reveal key players in the host–parasite interaction within the horse host.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Immune Modulators in the Secretome of the Equine Tapeworm Anoplocephala perfoliata

et al. 2021

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“…This vaccine has the potential to decrease the transmission of infection from cattle to snails by reducing the shedding of infected eggs [ 33 ]. Developing a human vaccine to prevent schistosomiasis is a top priority [ 87–89 ]. This would limit widespread drug use and prevent the emergence of dangerous resistance.…”

Section: Current Therapies and Additional Strategies To Be Consideredmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and differential diagnosis of schistosomiasis

Ponzo,

Midiri,

Manno

et al. 2024

EuJMI

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Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that is prevalent in low- and middle-income countries. There are five human pathogenic species, of which Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum are the most prevalent worldwide and cause the greatest burden of disease in terms of mortality and morbidity. In addition, hybrid schistosomes have been identified through molecular analysis. Human infection occurs when cercariae, the larval form of the parasite, penetrate the skin of people while bathing in contaminated waters such as lakes and rivers. Schistosomiasis can cause both urogenital and intestinal symptoms. Urogenital symptoms include haematuria, bladder fibrosis, kidney damage, and an increased risk of bladder cancer. Intestinal symptoms may include abdominal pain, sometimes accompanied by diarrhoea and blood in the stool. Schistosomiasis affects more than 250 million people and causes approximately 70 million Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), mainly in Africa, South America, and Asia. To control infection, it is essential to establish sensitive and specific diagnostic tests for epidemiological surveillance and morbidity reduction. This review provides an overview of schistosomiasis, with a focus on available diagnostic tools for Schistosoma spp. Current molecular detection methods and progress in the development of new diagnostics for schistosomiasis infection are also discussed.

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“…Other priority diseases. Clinical studies have been launched for multiple vaccines that target schistosomiasis [80] , [81] or invasive non-typhoidal salmonella [82] , [83] , [84] . Two typhoid conjugate vaccines have been pre-qualified by WHO [85] and programs using these vaccines are learning how to integrate them into broader disease control programs and conducting post-introduction effectiveness studies.…”

Section: Broader Progress Since Gvirf 2018mentioning

confidence: 99%