A comprehensive analysis of projected changes of extreme precipitation indices in West Rapti River basin, Nepal under changing climate

Abstract

A better understanding of variations of extreme precipitation in space and time is essential for hydro-meteorological research and effective management of water resources. We used 11 extreme precipitation indices, some additional indices, and four seasonal precipitation based on daily precipitation data from 24 meteorologi

Appraising the Potential of Using Satellite‐Based Rainfall Estimates for Evaluating Extreme Precipitation: A Case Study of August 2014 Event Across the West Rapti River Basin, Nepal

“…This study uses a stage‐discharge relationship developed based on limited streamflow measurements. In general, qualified hydrologists only measure about 10–15 measurements in a year during low, mid, and high flows (Talchabhadel, Aryal, Kawaike, Yamanoi, & Nakagawa, 2021). Since the streamflow measurement during the extreme instances is challenging, extreme hourly streamflow has uncertainty.…”

“…Karki et al. (2017), Talchabhadel, Aryal, Kawaike, Yamanoi, and Nakagawa, 2021, and Bohlinger and Sorteberg (2018) reported that heavy precipitation related indices; maximum 1‐day precipitation amount (RX1day), maximum 5‐days precipitation amount (RX5day), and precipitation of days in >95th percentile (R95p), are rising significantly in lower hills of the western region of the country.…”

An outlook on the applicability of satellite precipitation products for monitoring extreme precipitation events in Nepal Himalaya

“…The proportional ratio‐based indices of these instances to total annual precipitation are similar to rain gauge observations. These ratio‐based indices inform the local nature of extreme precipitation events with respect to the PRCPTOT (Talchabhadel et al ., 2021a).…”

Observations and climate models confirm precipitation pattern is changing over Nepal

“…However, the magnitude of alteration is uncertain (Allan & Soden, 2008;Allen & Ingram, 2002) and varies from region to region. Several studies attempt to unravel such precipitation alterations globally (Dore, 2005;Groisman et al, 1999), regionally (Klein-Tank et al, 2006), and at national (Bohlinger & Sorteberg, 2018;Kansakar et al, 2004;Talchabhadel et al, 2018) and basin scales (Dhaubanjar et al, 2020;Kaini et al, 2020;Talchabhadel et al, 2020).…”

“…They developed four pathways, spanning a range of forcing in 2100 (2.6, 4.5, 6.0, and 8,5 watts per meter squared), but did not include any socioeconomic factors. Based on CMIP5, several studies (Dhaubanjar et al, 2020;Kadel et al, 2018;Kaini et al, 2020;Rajbhandari et al, 2016;Talchabhadel et al, 2020) are conducted on assessing precipitation variability during historical and future periods in Nepal. These studies project future scenarios across the river basins or the entire country using CMIP5 models.…”