“…Since deep learning was proposed, it has been widely applied in computer vision, natural language processing, bioinformatics, and other fields [ 20 , 21 ]. Some researchers applied deep learning in the association prediction of lncRNA and diseases [ [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] ]. Inspired by the previous studies, we combined the PU learning strategy with deep learning algorithms to construct a neural network model based on two-step method in PU learning, COPTLDA.…”