“…In processes used for liquid separation, laminated GO membranes typically swell, and their layer spacing widens due to capillary pumping of liquids and solutions, which makes the membranes less repulsive to salts and small solutes and also leads to poor stability of the GO membranes . The deprotonation of the carboxyl group on GO in an aqueous solution makes the GO flakes negatively charged, causing electrostatic repulsion to occur between adjacent GO flakes and making GO less stable in aqueous solution and limiting its application in practical processes. − Recent studies have shown that cross-linkers are effective in linking GO layers and enhancing the stability of the membrane (Figure a). ,, Up to now, to achieve high cross-linking, a large number of micromolecules including amines (Figure b), − urea, amino acids, fullerenes, thioureas, and glutaric dialdehydes have been used as cross-linking agents to react with the hydroxyl, carboxyl, and epoxy groups on the surface of the GO sheets. Moreover, during the cross-linking reaction, the oxygen-containing sites on the GO flakes are replaced or dominated by other groups, which reduces the force between the water molecules and the GO .…”