A composite material made of carbon nanotubes partially embedded in a nanocrystalline diamond film

Controllable growth of uniform carbon nanotubes/carbon nanofibers on the surface of carbon fibers

“…While the concentration of catalyst precursor increases further, in agreement with the cases at 500 C and 550 C, R declines signicantly. This phenomenon may be caused by intensive diffusion of catalyst atoms into carbon bers at a high temperature of 600 C or higher, which leads to that the smaller catalyst particles formed on the surface of carbon ber due to the lower concentration of catalyst precursor will easily diffuse into carbon bers and become less active or even deactivated, 46,47 therefore, the amount of catalyst that remains active for the synthesis of CNTs on carbon bers decreases with the reduction of the concentration, it leads to the low R for the case of low catalyst precursor concentration. When the concentration of catalyst precursor is c 0 or higher, the large catalyst particles are formed, which results in that the effect of diffusion of catalyst particles into bers on their activity is very low, the variations of R with c match well with the conclusion of CNT/CNF growth model.…”

Stiff Diamond/Buckypaper Carbon Hybrids

“…In these studies the CNTs are grown by the socalled "base growth method" where the metal catalyst particles remain attached to the diamond surface due to strong CNT/diamond adhesion forces [11][12] . Disadvantageously, the remaining metal particles in the final multi-layer composite structure may negatively affect their electromechanical properties 11 .…”

Low temperature growth of carbon nanotubes on tetrahedral amorphous carbon using Fe–Cu catalyst

“…On fibres and other carbon-based materials, however, control over CNT CVD remains challenging [14]. This is because the process involves catalyst formation/activation at $600 to 800°C, and, at these temperatures, the metal catalysts may diffuse/ react with the carbon-based supports [15]. The interaction often leads to catalyst diffusion and/or poisoning and ultimately causes poor/no growth [16].…”