A Component Performance Evaluation of Constructed Surface Flow and Wetlands Cells for Produced Water Treatment in the Pitchfork Field, Wyoming

Caswell, P.C.; Gelb, Dan; Marinello, S.A.; Emerick, J.C.; Cohen, Ronald R. H.

doi:10.2118/24808-ms

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 4 publications

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“…In general, there are two major ion exchange resins (substrates) which are commonly used: strong acid resins using sulfuric acid, and weak acid resins using carboxylic acid [2]. Adding lime Ca(OH) 2 or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) result in an increasing in PH of the water and lead to enhance the precipitation of many dissolved solids [21].…”

Section: Removal Of Suspended and Dissolved Solidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oilfield Produced Water Management: Treatment, Reuse and Disposal

A.Al-Razaq¹

2012

Baghdad Sci.J

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Produced water is accompanied with the production of oil and gas especially at the fields producing by water drive or water injection. The quantity of these waters is expected to be more complicated problem with an increasing in water cut which is expected to be 3-8 barrels water/produced barrel oil.Produced water may contain many constituents based on what is present in the subsurface at a particular location. Produced water contains dissolved solids and hydrocarbons (dissolved and suspended) and oxygen depletion. The most common dissolved solid is salt with concentrations range between a few parts per thousand to hundreds parts per thousand. In addition to salt, many produced waters also contain high levels of heavy metals like zinc, barium, chromium, lead, nickel, uranium, vanadium and low levels of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM).This study will highlight the main aspects of the different international experiences with the produced water treatment for subsequent reuse or disposal. These different treatment methods vary considerably in effectiveness, cost and their environmental impacts. Samples of produced water from Al-Mishrif formation in ten wells belongs to five fields southern Iraq were taken and analyzed chemically to define the basic features of these waters and to have guide lines for the best strategy that required handling the increased water cut in these fields.

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Section: Removal Of Suspended and Dissolved Solidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oilfield Produced Water Management: Treatment, Reuse and Disposal

A.Al-Razaq¹

2012

Baghdad Sci.J

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Cyanobacteria as agents for the control of pollution by pesticides and chlorinated organic compounds

Kuritz

1998

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Cyanobacteria are phototrophic aquatic micro-organisms that are found in a variety of environments, including polluted ones. Fifteen strains of cyanobacteria that belong to three taxonomic groups are able to degrade lindane (λ-hexachlorocyclohexane, a recalcitrant pesticide). The initial degradation pathway has been studied in two filamentous nitrogen-fixing strains of Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 and Nostoc ellipsosporum. These cyanobacteria dechlorinated loindane first to pentachlorocyclohexene and then to a mixture of trichlorobenzenes, and possibly further. Lindane dechlorination by these organisms occurred only in the presence of nitrate in the medium. Both ammonium and darkness inhibited the process. This combination of observations led us to the hypothesis that the nitrate-reduction system of cyanobacteria may be involved in dechlorination. The hypothesis was proven by the analysis of Anabaena sp. transpositional mutants in four genes of the nir operon. The mutants were unable to dechlorinate lindane. However, there was no correlation between lindane dechlorination and activities of individual proteins encoded by this operon. Genetic engineering of Anabaena sp. and N. ellipsosporum that introduced linA lindane dechlorination operon from Psuedomonas paucimobilis allowed us to uncouple dechlorination from nitrate requirement. Introduction, by genetic engineering, of fcABC (the 4-chlorobenzoate dechlorination system from Arthrobacter globiformis) to Anabaena sp and N. ellipsosporum rendered these strains newly capable of 4-chlorobenzoate dechlorination both constitutively and inducible by an environmental factor.

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Beneficial Reuse of Oilfield Waste Outside of the Oil and Gas Industry

Marinello¹,

Herbert²,

Lillo

et al. 1995

All Days

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S.A. Marinello, SPE, Newpark Resources, Inc., B.F. Herbert, Amoco E, H & S, H. Lillo, Alberta Energy and Utilities Board, S. Curtice, Texaco Inc., C.L. Stark, SPE, Consultant, R. Redweick, SPE, Shell Oil Co., J.D. Mohrbacher, Radian Corp. and M. Rubin, SPE, API Abstract If a beneficial reuse of an oilfield waste can be found, that specific byproduct is no longer a waste, but a product. With such downstream use, the environmental liabilities of the former waste are, except for any packaging or transportation requirements, potentially eliminated. There is a problem, however, with the lack of an active infrastructure to implement the process. Some states have limited programs, but participation is a problem. It is apparent that a "Waste Clearinghouse" addressing oilfield waste in conjunction with major industrial waste and feed streams is needed, but implementation remains in the future. An active network of participating suppliers and users would be the goal of such action. In order to establish the network, it might be necessary to lobby for modified legislation to provide economic motivation, perhaps through modified taxation, and to affect liability issues. The benefits for industry would be a reduction in waste disposal and associated liabilities and "virgin" feedstock requirements. From the operators viewpoint, this scenario would require a compilation of the different waste/byproduct streams and their characteristics and a prioritizing of those wastes by characteristics that might affect their reuse potential. These might include:the greatest likelihood of finding a market;the highest potential waste volume reduction;the highest cost of disposal andthe greatest associated hazards. For the industry as a whole, an inventorying of these byproducts and characteristics would be tied to the identification of consumers/outlets for specific byproducts. This might be accomplished through the funding of consultants/contractors specializing in clearinghouse activities and/or research into potential applications and uses. The industry needs to change it's view of waste/byproduct streams in order to be more aware of potential downstream uses. Existing examples of reuse can be used as models for further efforts. Introduction In July of 1994, at the SPE Forum Series in North America held at Snowmass, Colorado, a forum was held on "Pollution Prevention For Exploration and Production Operations" During that meeting, after considerable discussion, an attempt was made to allow for in depth "breakout group" discussions of those topics that the participants viewed as the most timely, problematical and worthy of their time. One such group, comprised of the authors of this paper, was mandated to discuss beneficial reuse options in the industry, focusing on potential uses outside of traditional industry bounds. It was immediately clear that no known active network was in place to implement such activities. An active "waste clearinghouse" was deemed the necessary entity and the probable need for modifying legislation in order to achieve this goal was recognized. It was also recognized that the principal problems associated with such an effort at the operators level included the identification of waste streams with the potential for conversion to reuse products and finding those potential consumers. This would require prioritization of waste streams based on chemical characteristics, potential reuse markets, highest potential reduction in waste volume and highest potential reduction in disposal cost and liability, particularly in the long term. It was decided that, in order to facilitate the desired developments, an evaluation of present related activities should be performed and a paper presented on those findings, regardless of the limited existing reuse operations. The goal of this effort is to provide information to the E & P sector and to stimulate further discussion and action involving the expansion of reuse operations and opportunities thereby reducing the overall volumes of waste streams and associated disposal costs and liabilities for the industry. Identifying Potential Wastes Streams for Reuse In considering potential reuse, it should be understood that a material becomes a product and is therefore not a waste when it has been processed so that it can be used as a substitute for a commercial product. P. 479

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A Component Performance Evaluation of Constructed Surface Flow and Wetlands Cells for Produced Water Treatment in the Pitchfork Field, Wyoming

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Oilfield Produced Water Management: Treatment, Reuse and Disposal

Oilfield Produced Water Management: Treatment, Reuse and Disposal

Cyanobacteria as agents for the control of pollution by pesticides and chlorinated organic compounds

Beneficial Reuse of Oilfield Waste Outside of the Oil and Gas Industry

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