A complex gene cluster for indole-diterpene biosynthesis in the grass endophyte Neotyphodium lolii

Young, Carolyn A.; Felitti, Silvina Andrea; Shields, Katherine A.; Spangenberg, Germán; Johnson, Richard D.; Bryan, Gregory T.; Saikia, Sanjay; Scott, Barry

doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2006.04.004

Cited by 176 publications

(185 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…-Genes involved in the peramine, indole-diterpene, and ergot alkaloid pathways (Tanaka et al 2005;Young et al 2006;Fleetwood et al 2007) were identified in E. hybrida Lp1 using the BLASTn function of Geneious 8.1.5 (Kearse et al 2012). Alkaloid production by E. hybrida Lp1, E. festucae var.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epichloë hybrida, sp. nov., an emerging model system for investigating fungal allopolyploidy

et al. 2017

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Endophytes of the genus Epichloë (Clavicipitaceae, Ascomycota) frequently occur within coolseason grasses and form interactions with their hosts that range from mutualistic to antagonistic. Many Epichloë species have arisen via interspecific hybridization, resulting in species with two or three subgenomes that retain all or nearly all of their original parental genomes, a process termed allopolyploidization. Here, we characterize Epichloë hybrida, sp. nov., a mutualistic species that has increasingly become a model system for investigating allopolyploidy in fungi. The Epichloë species so far identified as the closest known relatives of the two progenitors of E. hybrida are E. festucae var. lolii and E. typhina. We confirm that the nuclear genome of E. hybrida contains two homeologs of most protein-coding genes from E. festucae and E. typhina, with genome-wide gene expression analysis indicating a slight bias in overall gene expression from the E. typhina subgenome. Mitochondrial DNA is detectable only from E. festucae, whereas ribosomal DNA is detectable only from E. typhina. Inheriting ribosomal DNA from just one parent might be expected to preferentially favor interactions with ribosomal proteins from the same parent, but we find that ribosomal protein genes from both parental subgenomes are nearly all expressed equally in E. hybrida. Finally, we provide a comprehensive set of resources for this model system that are intended to facilitate further study of fungal hybridization by other researchers. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epichloë hybrida, sp. nov., an emerging model system for investigating fungal allopolyploidy

et al. 2017

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“…While further attempts to clone additional linked ltm genes in the endophytes by such approaches as inverse PCR were thwarted by the presence of large blocks of highly repetitive retrotransposon sequences flanking both sides of the cluster, an alternative strategy combining suppression subtractive hybrydization (a technique applied successfully in case of LOL characterization) with chromosome walking was taken up. As a result, two additional LTM gene clusters were identified and consequently proved to be linked with LTM-1 (Young et al 2006).…”

Section: Lolitremsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Firstly, the association of the genes composing both these endophytic clusters with the transposon relics appears to be of considerable importance (Young et al 2006;Fleetwood et al 2007). The abundance of these relic sequences adds to the evolutionary potential of both clusters.…”

Section: Lolitremsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondly, all ten genes identified at the LTM locus, as well as each gene Figure 14. Comparative eas gene order among C. purpurea (Cp), N. lolii (Nl) and A. fumigatus (Af); black arrows, genes proposed to be required for ergot alkaloid synthesis, but not yet identified for N. lolii; light grey arrows, genes found in N. lolii and C. purpurea, but not in A. fumigatus; dark grey arrows, genes found only in A. fumigatus; N. lolii dmaW, cloA and lpsA are not shown, as their locations relative to EAS cluster are not known (Fleetwood et al 2007). in EAS cluster, have been shown to be highly expressed in planta, but only to a minimal extent or not at all Á in axenic mycelial cultures, strongly suggesting that plant signalling is indispensable to induce their expression (Young et al 2006;Fleetwood et al 2007). However, the specific host stimuli required for the activation of the fungal genes remain to be identified.…”

Section: Lolitremsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, it has been proposed to engineer mutations in the asm in the parent Figure 16. A physical map of the N. lolii LTM locus; the boundaries of the three ltm gene clusters are identified by boxes numbered 1Á3; the genes, abbreviated to a single letter, are shown as arrows indicating the direction they are transcribed, with the exon structure shown as black blocks underneath each gene; the blocks between ltm clusters 2 and 3 show the positions of two imperfect direct repeats; the retrotransposon relics, Tahi and Rua, are identified by blocks above the sequence; the AT content of each region is indicated as a percentage at the bottom of the figure; the distance across the sequence, shown immediately below the genes, is represented in kb; the sequence containing ltm clusters 2 and 3 is separated from ltm cluster 1 by Â35 kb (Young et al 2006). Figure 17.…”

Section: Maytansinoids From Bacterial Endophytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endophytes: exploiting biodiversity for the improvement of natural product-based drug discovery

Staniek

Woerdenbag

Kayser

2008

Journal of Plant Interactions

124

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Endophytes, microorganisms that colonize internal tissues of all plant species, create a huge biodiversity with yet unknown novel natural products, presumed to push forward the frontiers of drug discovery. Next to the clinically acknowledged antineoplastic agent, paclitaxel, endophyte research has yielded potential drug lead compounds with antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, insulin mimetic, anti-neurodegenerative and immunosuppressant properties. Furthermore, while being implicated in livestock neurotoxicosis, some endophyte-produced alkaloids have been shown to display insecticidal activity. The endophyte-host relationship is postulated to be a 'balanced antagonism'. Moreover, the plausibility of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) hypothesis is taken into account. Knowledge of the genetic background of endophytic natural product biosynthesis is discussed on the basis of loline alkaloids, ergopeptines, lolitrems and maytansinoids. The current dynamic progress in genomics will contribute to a better understanding of endophytic microbes and to further exploiting them as a source of pharmaceutically relevant compounds.

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Waking Sleeping Pathways in Filamentous Fungi

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Keller

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A complex gene cluster for indole-diterpene biosynthesis in the grass endophyte Neotyphodium lolii

Cited by 176 publications

References 78 publications

Epichloë hybrida, sp. nov., an emerging model system for investigating fungal allopolyploidy

Epichloë hybrida, sp. nov., an emerging model system for investigating fungal allopolyploidy

Endophytes: exploiting biodiversity for the improvement of natural product-based drug discovery

Waking Sleeping Pathways in Filamentous Fungi

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