A complex adaptive syndrome in Drosophila caused by microclimatic contrasts

NEVO, E; RASHKOVETSKY, E; PAVLICEK, T; KOROL, A

doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6882740

Cited by 16 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In general, the studies show adaptive differences within species: populations from hotter areas are more resistant to heat and those from colder areas more resistant to cold. This has been shown for both clinal variation across large areas (e.g., Coyne et al 1983;Hoffmann et al 2002), over altitudinal transects (Dahlgaard et al 2001), and in different microenvironments in the same area (Nevo et al 1998). Similar adaptive differences among strains have also been found for temperature-dependent sterility (Rohmer et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

TEMPERATURE-BASED EXTRINSIC REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION IN TWO SPECIES OFDROSOPHILA

2009

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

TEMPERATURE-BASED EXTRINSIC REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION IN TWO SPECIES OFDROSOPHILA

2009

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“…Our results match the local adaptation found in one of the few other studies of geographical variation in host specificity, where parasitoids have adapted to the songs of locally abundant cricket species (Gray et al, 2007). The results so far on local adaptation to host species in parasitoids resemble findings about adaptation to host plant species in herbivores (Via & Hawthorne, 2002) or to microclimate in Drosophila (Nevo, Rashkovetsky, Pavlicek, & Korol, 1998) rather than the results about parasitoids on different populations within host species (Dupas et al, 2003;Kraaijeveld & Godfray, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Counties not countries: Variation in host specificity among populations of an aphid parasitoid

Hopper

Oppenheim

Kuhn

et al. 2019

Evolutionary Applications

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Parasitic wasps are among the most species‐rich groups on Earth. A major cause of this diversity may be local adaptation to host species. However, little is known about variation in host specificity among populations within parasitoid species. Not only is such knowledge important for understanding host‐driven speciation, but because parasitoids often control pest insects and narrow host ranges are critical for the safety of biological control introductions, understanding variation in specificity and how it arises are crucial applications in evolutionary biology. Here, we report experiments on variation in host specificity among 16 populations of an aphid parasitoid, Aphelinus certus . We addressed several questions about local adaptation: Do parasitoid populations differ in host ranges or in levels of parasitism of aphid species within their host range? Are differences in parasitism among parasitoid populations related to geographical distance, suggesting clinal variation in abundances of aphid species? Or do nearby parasitoid populations differ in host use, as would be expected if differences in aphid abundances, and thus selection, were mosaic? Are differences in parasitism among parasitoid populations related to genetic distances among them? To answer these questions, we measured parasitism of a taxonomically diverse group of aphid species in laboratory experiments. Host range was the same for all the parasitoid populations, but levels of parasitism varied among aphid species, suggesting adaptation to locally abundant aphids. Differences in host specificity did not correlate with geographical distances among parasitoid populations, suggesting that local adaption is mosaic rather than clinal, with a spatial scale of less than 50 kilometers. We sequenced and assembled the genome of A. certus , made reduced‐representation libraries for each population, analyzed for single nucleotide polymorphisms, and used these polymorphisms to estimate genetic differentiation among populations. Differences in host specificity correlated with genetic distances among the parasitoid populations.

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“…However, if trade-offs associated with stress resistance reduce fitness relative to other genotypes in some conditions, stress-resistant alleles are only likely to be favored in certain environments (Hoffmann and Parsons 1991;Partridge et al 1995;Shirley and Sibly 1999). Consistent with this, intra-specific differences in the ability to tolerate stress among populations from distinct environments co-vary with longevity in several invertebrates (Nevo et al 1998;Grewal et al 2002;Lazarevic et al 2007). This is likely to reflect adaptation to local conditions and may be a consequence of selection acting upon genetic variation in stress response pathways and/or downstream effector genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Stressful environments can indirectly select for increased longevity

Savory

Benton

Varma

et al. 2014

Ecology and Evolution

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Longevity is modulated by a range of conserved genes in eukaryotes, but it is unclear how variation in these genes contributes to the evolution of longevity in nature. Mutations that increase life span in model organisms typically induce trade-offs which lead to a net reduction in fitness, suggesting that such mutations are unlikely to become established in natural populations. However, the fitness consequences of manipulating longevity have rarely been assessed in heterogeneous environments, in which stressful conditions are encountered. Using laboratory selection experiments, we demonstrate that long-lived, stress-resistant Caenorhabditis elegans age-1(hx546) mutants have higher fitness than the wild-type genotype if mixed genotype populations are periodically exposed to high temperatures when food is not limited. We further establish, using stochastic population projection models, that the age-1(hx546) mutant allele can confer a selective advantage if temperature stress is encountered when food availability also varies over time. Our results indicate that heterogeneity in environmental stress may lead to altered allele frequencies over ecological timescales and indirectly drive the evolution of longevity. This has important implications for understanding the evolution of life-history strategies.

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A complex adaptive syndrome in Drosophila caused by microclimatic contrasts

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

TEMPERATURE-BASED EXTRINSIC REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION IN TWO SPECIES OFDROSOPHILA

TEMPERATURE-BASED EXTRINSIC REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION IN TWO SPECIES OFDROSOPHILA

Counties not countries: Variation in host specificity among populations of an aphid parasitoid

Stressful environments can indirectly select for increased longevity

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