A complete analysis of the laser beam deflection systems used in cantilever-based systems

Beaulieu, Luc; Godin, Michel; Laroche, Olivier; Tabard‐Cossa, Vincent; Grütter, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.ultramic.2006.11.001

Cited by 56 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The accuracy of the method can be significantly increased using deflection measuring systems which are usually used in cantilever-based systems. 35 The results enclose hot gas dynamics, which exceed the visibly appearing boundaries of the plasma and are still determined by the self-organization of the plasma. Moreover, the combination of the frequency analysis and temperature analysis open the possibility for temporally resolved temperature tomography of microplasmas in future studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Laser schlieren deflectometry for temperature analysis of filamentary non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma

Schäfer

Foest

Reuter

et al. 2012

Review of Scientific Instruments

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The heat convection generated by micro filaments of a self-organized non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet in Ar is characterized by employing laser schlieren deflectometry (LSD). It is demonstrated as a proof of principle, that the spatial and temporal changes of the refractive index n in the optical beam path related to the neutral gas temperature of the plasma jet can be monitored and evaluated simultaneously. The refraction of a laser beam in a high gradient field of n(r) with cylindrical symmetry is given for a general real refraction index profile. However, the usually applied Abel approach represents an ill-posed problem and in particular for this plasma configuration. A simple analytical model is proposed in order to minimize the statistical error. Based on that, the temperature profile, specifically the absolute temperature in the filament core, the FWHM, and the frequencies of the collective filament dynamics are obtained for non-stationary conditions. For a gas temperature of 700 K inside the filament, the presented model predicts maximum deflection angles of the laser beam of 0.3 mrad which is in accordance to the experimental results obtained with LSD. Furthermore, the experimentally obtained FWHM of the temperature profile produced by the filament at the end of capillary is (1.5 ± 0.2) mm, which is about 10 times wider than the visual radius of the filament. The obtained maximum temperature in the effluent is (450 ± 30) K and is in consistence with results of other techniques. The study demonstrates that LSD represents a useful low-cost method for monitoring the spatiotemporal behaviour of microdischarges and allows to uncover their dynamic characteristics, e.g., the temperature profile even for challenging diagnostic conditions such as moving thin discharge filaments. The method is not restricted to the miniaturized and self-organized plasma studied here. Instead, it can be readily applied to other configurations that produce measurable gradients of refractive index by local gas heating and opens new diagnostics prospects particularly for microplasmas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Laser schlieren deflectometry for temperature analysis of filamentary non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma

Schäfer

Foest

Reuter

et al. 2012

Review of Scientific Instruments

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“…In the case of thin films, accurate measuring of saturation magnetostriction value is very difficult due to the elastic interaction between the film and the substrate [9]. One of the most common methods for measuring λ s in magnetostrictive thin films is the cantilever deflection method [10]. According to the literature, for nanocrystalline FeCuNbSiB alloys, λ s sensitively depends on the Si content of α-Fe(Si) nanograins, which can be enhanced by increasing the annealing temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si15.5B7 Thin Films Deposited by HiPIMS: Magnetic and Magnetostrictive Behavior

Velicu

Neagu

Tiron

2014

J Supercond Nov Magn

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Results concerning the magnetic, magnetostrictive, structural, morphological, and topological properties of amorphous and nanocrystalline Fe 73.5 Cu 1 Nb 3 Si 15.5 B 7 thin films deposited using the high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) technique are reported. In as-deposited state, the samples are amorphous, the nanocrystalline state being achieved for samples isothermally annealed at adequate temperatures, in an electric furnace. For the optimum annealing temperature (475 • C), a decrease by about 70 % for the coercive magnetic field (50 A/m) and up to 1 order of magnitude for the saturation magnetostriction (∼ 1×10 −6 ), compared to the as-deposited state, was obtained. The X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results for samples thermally treated at 475 • C revealed a 53.6 % crystalline volume fraction of α-Fe(Si) nanograins with an average size of about 15 nm and a Si content of 10.78 %, uniformly dispersed in a residual amorphous matrix. Using the saturation magnetostriction values determined using the cantilever deflection method and the crystalline volume fraction of α-Fe(Si) nanograins, the contribution of crystalline phase to the saturation magnetostriction was also determined.Keywords Amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys · FeCuNbSiB thin films · High power impulse magnetron sputtering · Saturation magnetostriction · Soft magnetic materials I.-L. Velicu · M. Neagu ( ) · V. Tiron

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“…The optical laser deflection measurement system works based on the reflection of a laser beam from the tip of the microcantilever. The light travel distance is read on a Photo Sensitive Detector (PSD), which can be calibrated with the cantilever tip deflection according to the measurement setup dimensions [37]. measurement system was used to detect microcantilever deflections against variations in fluid properties (Figure 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are three main sources of error-laser angle, Photo Sensitive Detector (PSD) angle and microcantilever position-that should be considered in this experiment. According to the geometrical calculations [37], variation in each of the abovementioned parameters may add an error to the final microcantilever deflection of up to 10% of the measured value.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Suspended Polymeric Microfluidics (SPMF3) with Flow Orthogonal to Bending (FOB) for Fluid Analysis through Kinematic Viscosity

2017

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Abstract:Measuring of fluid properties such as dynamic viscosity and density has tremendous potential for various applications from physical to biological to chemical sensing. However, it is almost impossible to affect only one of these properties, as dynamic viscosity and density are coupled. Hence, this paper proposes kinematic viscosity as a comprehensive parameter which can be used to study the effect of fluid properties applicable to various fluids from Newtonian fluids, such as water, to non-Newtonian fluids, such as blood. This paper also proposes an ideal microplatform, namely polymeric suspended microfluidics (SPMF 3 ), with flow plane orthogonal to the bending plane of the structure, along with tested results of various fluids covering a wide range of engineering applications. Kinematic viscosity, also called momentum diffusivity, considers changes in both fluid intermolecular forces and molecular inertia that define dynamic viscosity and fluid density, respectively. In this study a 3D suspended polymeric microfluidic system (SPMF 3 ) was employed to detect changes in fluid parameters such as dynamic viscosity and density during fluid processes. Using this innovative design along with theoretical and experimental results, it is shown that, in fluids, the variations of fluid density and dynamic viscosity are not easily comprehensible due to their interconnectivity. Since any change in a fluid will affect both density and dynamic viscosity, measuring both of them is necessary to identify the fluid or process status. Finally, changes in fluid properties were analyzed using simulation and experiments. The experimental results with salt-DI water solution and milk with different fat concentrations as a colloidal fluid show that kinematic viscosity is a comprehensive parameter that can identify the fluids in a unique way using the proposed microplatform.

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A complete analysis of the laser beam deflection systems used in cantilever-based systems

Cited by 56 publications

References 16 publications

Laser schlieren deflectometry for temperature analysis of filamentary non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma

Laser schlieren deflectometry for temperature analysis of filamentary non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma

Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si15.5B7 Thin Films Deposited by HiPIMS: Magnetic and Magnetostrictive Behavior

3D Suspended Polymeric Microfluidics (SPMF3) with Flow Orthogonal to Bending (FOB) for Fluid Analysis through Kinematic Viscosity

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