A Compiler Analysis to Determine Useful Cache Size for Energy Efficiency

Tavarageri, Sanket; Sadayappan, P.

doi:10.1109/ipdpsw.2013.268

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Finally, granularity was set experimentally. Other proposals [40] estimate the workload of a loop iteration and can be used to set the granularity automatically at compile-time, such that the workload of each slice fits the private L1d cache. This study is orthogonal to our approach.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiversioned decoupled access-execute: the key to energy-efficient compilation of general-purpose programs

Koukos

Ekemark

Zacharopoulos

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Compiler Construction

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Computer architecture design faces an era of great challenges in an attempt to simultaneously improve performance and energy efficiency. Previous hardware techniques for energy management become severely limited, and thus, compilers play an essential role in matching the software to the more restricted hardware capabilities. One promising approach is software decoupled access-execute (DAE), in which the compiler transforms the code into coarsegrain phases that are well-matched to the Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) capabilities of the hardware. While this method is proved efficient for statically analyzable codes, generalpurpose applications pose significant challenges due to pointer aliasing, complex control flow and unknown runtime events. We propose a universal compile-time method to decouple generalpurpose applications, using simple but efficient heuristics. Our solutions overcome the challenges of complex code and show that automatic decoupled execution significantly reduces the energy expenditure of irregular or memory-bound applications and even yields slight performance boosts. Overall, our technique achieves over 20% on average energy-delay-product (EDP) improvements (energy over 15% and performance over 5%) across 14 benchmarks from SPEC CPU 2006 and Parboil benchmark suites, with peak EDP improvements surpassing 70%.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiversioned decoupled access-execute: the key to energy-efficient compilation of general-purpose programs

Koukos

Ekemark

Zacharopoulos

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Compiler Construction

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“…The approaches differ in the kind of constraints put on the QoS. PhD dissertations [Borgetto 2013;Feller 2012;Treutner 2012] or surveys ] are the primary sources of literature reviews.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloud Computing

Mastelić

Oleksiak

Claußen³

et al. 2014

ACM Comput. Surv.

227

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Cloud computing is today's most emphasized Information and Communications Technology (ICT) paradigm that is directly or indirectly used by almost every online user. However, such great significance comes with the support of a great infrastructure that includes large data centers comprising thousands of server units and other supporting equipment. Their share in power consumption generates between 1.1% and 1.5% of the total electricity use worldwide and is projected to rise even more. Such alarming numbers demand rethinking the energy efficiency of such infrastructures. However, before making any changes to infrastructure, an analysis of the current status is required. In this article, we perform a comprehensive analysis of an infrastructure supporting the cloud computing paradigm with regards to energy efficiency. First, we define a systematic approach for analyzing the energy efficiency of most important data center domains, including server and network equipment, as well as cloud management systems and appliances consisting of a software utilized by end users. Second, we utilize this approach for analyzing available scientific and industrial literature on state-of-the-art practices in data centers and their equipment. Finally, we extract existing challenges and highlight future research directions.

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“…Cache reconfiguration by the compiler has also been proposed [17], [18]. Many assumptions are made for the required footprint analysis, such as having only simple nested-loops and affine functions for array indices (only constants and loop index variables are allowed).…”

Section: A Background and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compiler directed cache reconfiguration has also been explored [17], [18]. However, the compiler's analysis is usually limited because of the lack of runtime information.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using an Adaptive HPC Runtime System to Reconfigure the Cache Hierarchy

Totoni

Torrellas

Kalé

2014

SC14: International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis

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Abstract-The cache hierarchy often consumes a large portion of a processor's energy. To save energy in HPC environments, this paper proposes software-controlled reconfiguration of the cache hierarchy with an adaptive runtime system. Our approach addresses the two major limitations associated with other methods that reconfigure the caches: predicting the application's future and finding the best cache hierarchy configuration. Our approach uses formal language theory to express the application's pattern and help predict its future. Furthermore, it uses the prevalent Single Program Multiple Data (SPMD) model of HPC codes to find the best configuration in parallel quickly. Our experiments using cycle-level simulations indicate that 67% of the cache energy can be saved with only a 2.4% performance penalty on average. Moreover, we demonstrate that, for some applications, switching to a software-controlled reconfigurable streaming buffer configuration can improve performance by up to 30% and save 75% of the cache energy.

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A Compiler Analysis to Determine Useful Cache Size for Energy Efficiency

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Multiversioned decoupled access-execute: the key to energy-efficient compilation of general-purpose programs

Multiversioned decoupled access-execute: the key to energy-efficient compilation of general-purpose programs

Cloud Computing

Using an Adaptive HPC Runtime System to Reconfigure the Cache Hierarchy

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