A Compendium of in vitro Germination Media for Pollen Research

Tushabe, Donam; Rosbakh, Sergey

doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.709945

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 119 publications

(169 reference statements)

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“…The rate of pollen viability was apparently low in B. tulda, as evidenced by TTC and the in vitro pollen germination assay. These are effective, yet sensitive methods, which can be affected by many factors, such as temperature, humidity, time of pollen collection, maturity of the florets and composition of assay medium [44][45][46][47]. Although sufficient precautions were undertaken to employ optimum conditions during pollen collection and assay, there could have been issues like time to transport them to the laboratory and small populations frequently subjected to anthropogenic impact, which might also have affected overall pollen quality.…”

Section: Fragmented Flowering Population Low Pollen Viability and Dispersal Lead To Reduced Seed Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Reproductive Development and Breeding Habit of the Commercially Important Bamboo Bambusa tulda Roxb

Chakraborty

Biswas

Dutta

et al. 2021

Plants

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Compared to other grasses, flowering in bamboo is quite divergent, yet complex with respect to time to flower, number of individual culms in a population that have been induced at a time (sporadic vs. gregarious), nature of monocarpy, morphology of inflorescences (solitary spikelet vs. pseudospikelet), biology of pollen and nature of genetic compatibility. Wide diversity exists even across species and genotypes. However, due to the rarity of flowering and inaccessibility, few studies have been done to systematically analyse diverse aspects of the reproductive behaviour of bamboo. In this study, four recurrently occurring, sporadic flowering populations of Bambusa tulda have been closely observed over the last seven years. Detailed inflorescence and floral morphology and development of reproductive organs have been studied. Pollen viability was assessed by staining and in vitro germination. Self and cross pollination experiments were performed in a plantation site to assess the genetic nature of pollen-pistil interaction. The study identifies interesting reproductive features, that are not common in other grasses. A few important observations include the early appearance of a solitary spikelet vs. late appearance of a pseudospikelet in the flowering cycle, low rate of pollen germination, protandry, self-incompatibility and higher rate of seed setting by the pseudospikelet as compared to the solitary spikelet. The findings will not only be useful to understand the reproductive behaviour of this non-woody timber plant, but will also be useful for forest management and sustainable use of bamboo bioresources.

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Section: Fragmented Flowering Population Low Pollen Viability and Dispersal Lead To Reduced Seed Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Reproductive Development and Breeding Habit of the Commercially Important Bamboo Bambusa tulda Roxb

Chakraborty

Biswas

Dutta

et al. 2021

Plants

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“…The optimal sucrose concentration found in this study (16%) is slightly higher than that used for most pollen germination media (~ 10%) [ 26 ]. This may be because quinoa pollen is reported to be trinucleate [ 9 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A protocol for Chenopodium quinoa pollen germination

et al. 2022

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Background Quinoa is an increasingly popular seed crop frequently studied for its tolerance to various abiotic stresses as well as its susceptibility to heat. Estimations of quinoa pollen viability through staining methods have resulted in conflicting results. A more effective alternative to stains is to estimate pollen viability through in vitro germination. Here we report a method for in vitro quinoa pollen germination that could be used to understand the impact of various stresses on quinoa fertility and therefore seed yield or to identify male-sterile lines for breeding. Results A semi-automated method to count germinating pollen was developed in PlantCV, which can be widely used by the community. Pollen collected on day 4 after first anthesis at zeitgeber time 5 was optimum for pollen germination with an average germination of 68% for accession QQ74 (PI 614886). The optimal length of pollen incubation was found to be 48 h, because it maximizes germination rates while minimizing contamination. The pollen germination medium’s pH, boric acid, and sucrose concentrations were optimized. The highest germination rates were obtained with 16% sucrose, 0.03% boric acid, 0.007% calcium nitrate, and pH 5.5. This medium was tested on quinoa accessions QQ74, and cherry vanilla with 68%, and 64% germination efficiencies, respectively. Conclusions We provide an in vitro pollen germination method for quinoa with average germination rates of 64 and 68% on the two accessions tested. This method is a valuable tool to estimate pollen viability in quinoa, and to test how stress affects quinoa fertility. We also developed an image analysis tool to semi-automate the process of counting germinating pollen. Quinoa produces many new flowers during most of its panicle development period, leading to significant variation in pollen maturity and viability between different flowers of the same panicle. Therefore, collecting pollen at 4 days after first anthesis is very important to collect more uniformly developed pollen and to obtain high germination rates.

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“…However, our data suggest that residues of insecticide solutions on silks up to 24 h may cause a negative effect in the pollen, fertilization, and/or kernel formation. In vitro studies should be carried out with pollen germination media [ 30 ] amended with ß-cyfluthrin, chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate, and spinetoram at different dosages to verify if these molecules cause any damage in the pollen. It has been reported that corn pollen germination and tube elongation were inhibited or reduced by the combination of trichlorfon with adjuvants [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timely Application of Four Insecticides to Control Corn Earworm and Fall Armyworm Larvae in Sweet Corn

Viteri

Linares‐Ramírez

2022

Insects

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Insecticide sprays are a common practice to control corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in corn (Zea mays L.) at reproductive stages. Our objectives were to determine (1) the most appropriate time for insecticide applications and (2) the effect of four insecticides on the survival of larvae as well as their weight. ß-cyfluthrin (0.4 mL/L), chlorantraniliprole (0.6 mL/L), emamectin benzoate (0.2 g/L), and spinetoram (1.5 mL/L) were sprayed on silks of sweet corn planted in Isabela and Lajas, Puerto Rico 3 h before and 24 and 48 h after pollination. The number of kernels produced and the damage of larvae on kernels were quantified at harvest. In addition, percentages of mortality and changes on larval weight were noted at 96 h after insecticide applications. Insecticide sprays at 3 h before pollination reduced the number of kernels or were similar to the control in all treatments. However, emamectin benzoate sprayed in Lajas and chlorantraniliprole applied in Isabela at 48 h after pollination increased the number of kernels (281–294) and reduced the damage of larvae on kernels (<0.5%) compared to the control (201–229; >7%). Furthermore, applications of emamectin benzoate caused higher percentages of fall armyworm larval mortality (>70%). Conversely, ß-cyfluthrin and chlorantraniliprole caused lower percentages of mortality (<30%) and only chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram reduced the weight of corn earworm and fall armyworm larvae collected in both locations. This information may help pest management programs and corn breeders to schedule insecticide sprays and pollination in the field.

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A Compendium of in vitro Germination Media for Pollen Research

Cited by 20 publications

References 119 publications

Studies on Reproductive Development and Breeding Habit of the Commercially Important Bamboo Bambusa tulda Roxb

Studies on Reproductive Development and Breeding Habit of the Commercially Important Bamboo Bambusa tulda Roxb

A protocol for Chenopodium quinoa pollen germination

Timely Application of Four Insecticides to Control Corn Earworm and Fall Armyworm Larvae in Sweet Corn

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