A Comparison Study on Route Stability of On-Demand Routing Protocols in CRAHNs

Abstract

Cognitive radio technology has been proposed as a solution to problem of spectrum scarcity which aims to improve the spectrum resource utilization. Furthermore, cognitive radio ad hoc network (CRAHN) is proposed as an ad hoc network of cognitive radio enabled mobile devices. Cognitive radio senses all available channels and on the selection basis, tunes transmitter and receiver for communication. However, due to time varying availability of channels and primary user interference in used channel, routing in CRAHNs is a challenging and interesting problem. In this paper, we present a comparison study on on-demand routing protocols for CRAHNs in terms of route stability of routes established by the on-demand protocols.

Mycoflora Associated With Parthenium Hysterophorus L.

“…Since it has spread throughout most parts of the Indian subcontinent and is now considered to be the principal terrestrial weed in India (Dhawan et al, 1993). It is one of the seven most dreaded weeds of the world (Singla, 1992).…”