A Comparison Study of Upper Airway among Different Skeletal Craniofacial Patterns in Nonsnoring Chinese Children

Abstract

The sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns may be contributory factors for the variation of the inferior and superior part of the upper airway, respectively. Skeletal deficiency of nonsnoring Chinese children may predispose them to upper airway obstruction.

Effect of retraction of anterior teeth on pharyngeal airway and hyoid bone position in Class I bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion

“…Many studies 5,7,14,20,21 have proved the reliability of lateral cephalograms in evaluating pharyngeal airway, and therefore use of cephalograms in this study is justified. Lateral cephalograms only give a linear dimension of the airway; airway being a three-dimensional soft tissue structure, it needs to be evaluated in its three dimensions, especially when evaluating its different parts as they behave independently; hence, a recent focus of the specialty is by a three-dimensional evaluation; 3D CBCT studies are proving the same differently and would definitely replace lateral cephalograms in the future.…”

“…The cephalometric landmarks and analyses (Table 1, Fig. 1) for pharyngeal and hyoid bone were based on the methods described by Lowe et al, 12 Liu et al, 13 and Zhong et al 14 The pre-and postcephalograms for all the patients were traced on the acetate tracing paper by the same investigator. To check reproducibility error, the radiographs were again traced by the same investigator after 02 and 04 months.…”

Changes of pharyngeal airway size and hyoid bone position following orthodontic treatment of Class I bimaxillary protrusion

“…All pretreatment and posttreatment cephalograms were taken from the same machine by the same operator and the linear magnification of the machine was 11%. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the FH/MP angle before treatment: Figures 1 and 2) were based on the methods described previously by Lowe et al, 11 Liu et al, 12 and Zhong et al 13 Two serial cephalograms from each subject were traced by the same investigator.…”

“…Thus, cephalograms are still widely used to evaluate the pharyngeal airway. 5,7,13 Further studies may be aimed at long-term effects of orthodontic treatment on pharyngeal airway with three-dimensional imaging.…”

Morfología craneofacial en niños con apnea obstructiva del sueño / Craneofacial Morphology in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

“…En contraposición, Zettergren y colaboradores (25) evidenciaron que el ancho faríngeo superior se encontró disminuido en el grupo de niños con AOS. Lo que coincide con Pirilä-Parkkinen K y colaboradores (34), quienes encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre niños con y sin AOS evidenciando un tamaño del espacio faríngeo superior disminuido en niños con AOS (p=0,01). Lo que podría ser causado por infecciones recurrentes del espacio faríngeo, un patrón esquelético de crecimiento vertical y una base craneal corta (28).…”