A comparison of X-ray spectra and outputs from molybdenum and tungsten targets

Marshall, M; Peaple, L.H.J.; Ardran, G. M.; Crooks, H. E.

doi:10.1259/0007-1285-48-565-31

Cited by 37 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…50 kV, 0 . 05 mm aluminium filter, are negligible on comparison with tungsten L X-ray intensities, which were reported by Marshall et al (1975) . Since the attenuation of 6 keV X-rays in 7 µm thick V79 cells, is less than 2 per cent, correction between the entrance and average doses in cells, even in the case of no added filters, is unnecessary.…”

Section: 2 Cell Irradiation and Survivalmentioning

confidence: 53%

Soft X-ray Dosimetry and RBE for Survival of Chinese Hamster V79 Cells

Hoshi

Antoku

Nakamura

et al. 1988

International Journal of Radiation Biology

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Dosimetry and biological effects of 40 and 50 keV low-energy X-rays generated by a SOFTEX Model CMBW-2 apparatus were studied. Doses were measured using a thin-window parallel-plate ionization chamber; beam quality was assessed using aluminum absorbers; exposure rates per unit current were determined according to the X-ray tube current and exposure times; and thermoluminescent (BeO chip) dosimeters were used to ascertain dose distributions in the irradiation field. The average correction factors for nonuniformity were calculated from the measured dose distributions. The means for ascertaining accurate exposures and doses using these methods are discussed. The dose-survival relationship of Chinese hamster V79 cells were assessed by irradiating them with 40 and 50 kV soft X-rays, 180 kV X-rays, and 60 Co gamma rays. Soft X-rays with three distinct effective energies were tested by changing the tube voltage kV and aluminium filter thicknesses; namely (1) 40 kV without filter, (2) 40 kV with a 0.2 mm thick aluminium filter and (3) 50 kV with a 0.7 mm thick aluminium filter. The effective energies obtained according to attenuation measurements using aluminium for these soft X-rays were 8.1, 11.7 and 18.5 kV, respectively. In this study the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) at 10 per cent survival compared with 60Co gamma rays ranged from 1.5 to 1.6. The RBE of 180 kV X-rays relative to 60Co gamma rays was 1.29. This study provided experimental data for the RBE of V79 cells in the intermediate energy range between hard and ultrasoft X-rays, data for which were previously reported by Goodhead and co-workers (1977, 1979, 1981).

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Section: 2 Cell Irradiation and Survivalmentioning

confidence: 53%

Soft X-ray Dosimetry and RBE for Survival of Chinese Hamster V79 Cells

Hoshi

Antoku

Nakamura

et al. 1988

International Journal of Radiation Biology

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“…This approach should be taken with caution because, at some point, there may be a critical loss of object contrast resulting from excessive beam hardening. Present and future investigations on the efficient use of molybdenum and tungsten target tubes with various filtration schemes (13,14), measurements of x-ray spectra through breast material (15), determination of absorbed radiation dose from spectral data (16), and determination of the effect of scatter in mammography (17) will be important for establishing the conditions under which acceptable image contrast can be obtained at minimal radiation exposure levels.…”

Section: Object Contrastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Image Quality in Mammography

Haus¹,

Doi²,

Metz³

et al. 1977

Radiology

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Image quality in mammography is affected by the shape, size, and x-ray absorption properties of the anatomic part or lesion to be radiographed in addition to x-ray beam quality, geometric unsharpness, and the resolution, characteristic curve, and noise properties of the recording system. The authors review x-ray energy spectra, modulation transfer functions. Wiener spectra, characteristic and gradient curves, and radiographs of a breast phantom and a resected breast specimen containing microcalcifications; these factors, and the complex relationship between them, affect image quality and patient radiation exposure. Evaluation of the best system or technique for obtaining a breast image is discussed in terms of the compromise between diagnostic certainty and cost or risk.

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“…[1][2][3] As the HPGe detector has both high efficiency and high energy resolution, the distortion due to the detector response is rather small. The system with the HPGe detector, however, needs the dewar to keep the liquid nitrogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CdZnTe detector as an x-ray spectrometer

Miyajima

Sakuragi

Matsumoto

2001

Medical Imaging 2001: Physics of Medical Imaging

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In this study, we evaluated a CdZnTe (CZT) detector as an x-ray spectrometer. The output of the semiconductor detector is basically distorted due to the processes of energy deposition, charge generation and pulse processing. In addition, the distortion due to the charge transport process must be taken into account when using a CZT detector. First, we calculated response functions of the CZT detector using the EGS4. In the code, the Hecht equation was utilized to deal with the trapping of charge carriers during charge transport. The parameters in the equation, mean free path of charge carriers, were determined to make the calculated response functions the same as the measured response to mono-energetic gamma-rays. Secondly, we corrected x-ray spectra using the calculated response functions. The stripping method was employed in the correction procedure. The results indicate that a CZT detector is useful in x-ray spectrometry with the proper corrections.

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A comparison of X-ray spectra and outputs from molybdenum and tungsten targets

Cited by 37 publications

References 5 publications

Soft X-ray Dosimetry and RBE for Survival of Chinese Hamster V79 Cells

Soft X-ray Dosimetry and RBE for Survival of Chinese Hamster V79 Cells

Image Quality in Mammography

CdZnTe detector as an x-ray spectrometer

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