A Comparison of Water Rights Systems in China and Australia

Speed, Robert

doi:10.1080/07900620902868901

Cited by 31 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…3. The central government directs the laws, policies and activities of the provincial and local governments, although negotiations and tensions between them may arise over funding, government priorities and the implementation of certain policies and laws (Speed 2009a). Given the political and financial dependence of local institutions on the local government, the control exerted by the local government can compromise the centralized command at the national level.…”

Section: China's Political-economic Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The country's scale and complex topography have resulted in diverse river and climatic systems, including tropical, subtropical, semi-arid, arid, inland and coastal if the height is between 5 to 15 m, and over 45,000 such large dams exist around the globe. China has almost half of these dams with more than 22,000, followed by the United States (6,600), India (4,300), Japan (2,700), and Spain (1,200) (Silk et al 2005 (Liu and Speed 2009;Speed 2009a). Figure 2a shows the distribution of China's major watersheds.…”

Section: Overview Of China's Water Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such actions range from water governance and management measures, investments in water-related infrastructures, and investments and actions undertaken to protect groundwater, control salinity, and promote water conservation (Lenton et al 2005). The administrative arrangements for water resources reflect the hierarchical nature of China's political system (Speed 2009a). Since the foundation of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, it has been a single-party socialist republic, with the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party stated in the constitution.…”

Section: China's Political-economic Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving China’s water resources management for better adaptation to climate change

Cheng

2011

Climatic Change

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Challenged by insufficient water resources and by degraded water quality caused by widespread pollution, China faces an imbalance between the supply and the demand of water for supporting the rapid social and economic development while protecting the natural environment and ecosystems. Climate change is expected to further stress freshwater resources and widen the gap between the demand for and supply of water. As a legacy of the earlier planned economy, water resources management has been primarily supply-driven, which largely fails to account for the economic nature of water resources in relation to their natural characteristics. This paper presents a historical perspective on the water resources management policies and practices in China, and recommends demand management and pollution control as key measures for improving water resources management to adapt to climate change based on the current political, socio-economic and water resources conditions. The past and future impacts of climate change on water resources in China and the general adaptation strategies are also presented. How demand management through increasing water use efficiency, improving water rights and rights trade, and effective regulation enforcement, along with pollution control could improve China's water resources management are discussed in details. Ultimately, China should develop a sustainable water resources management strategy based on both supply-and demand-side management options to make the limited water supplies meet the demands of economic development, social well-being and the conservation of ecosystems in the context of global climate change.

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Section: China's Political-economic Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview Of China's Water Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: China's Political-economic Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving China’s water resources management for better adaptation to climate change

Cheng

2011

Climatic Change

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“…The lack of coordination among them has significantly impeded the effective enforcement of the policies and regulations set by the central government. Under the country's dual leadership system, the subordinate offices of the MEP are also institutional and financial subordination to the local government, weakening their power on enforcing environmental laws and regulations (Cheng and Hu, 2012;Speed, 2009). Therefore, a politically and financially independent government agency should be established to supervise water resources management and pollution control, which is particularly important for solving the problem of trans-regional water pollution.…”

Section: Trend Of Water Quality and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water pollution during China's industrial transition

Cheng

2013

Environmental Development

137

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“…Generally, water rights are defined in volumetric terms, with a statement of the probability that the nominal volume will be delivered in full in any given year (Productivity Commission, 2003). The predictability is a key requirement of a water rights system, so that users can have a reasonable expectation of the volume of water that will be available to them (Speed, 2009). In Australia, the water management authority announces an available percentage of the water rights volume to each stakeholder seasonally according to current reservoir level and inflows over the forthcoming season (Rebgetz et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%