A comparison of visualization techniques for recording arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization

Gange, Alan C.; Bower, Erica; Stagg, Penny G.; Aplin, David; Gillam, Alexandra E.; Bracken, Michael

doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.1999.00371.x

Cited by 59 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…To check for mycorrhizal colonization they were placed on a microscope slide and examined at´200 using a Zeiss Axiophott epiuorescence microscope ®tted with a UV lamp and ®lters giving a transmission of 455±490 nm blue. Under these conditions, the arbuscules¯uoresce (Ames et al 1982) and it has recently been shown that this is a more reliable and consistent method of mycorrhizal visualization than conventional staining methods (Gange et al, 1999). At the 12-week stage, all inoculated plants showed a degree of colonization, while no mycorrhiza was found in any plant given irradiated inoculum (hereafter referred to as`control' plants).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Positive effects of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on aphid life history traits

1999

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Two generations of two aphid species (Myzus ascalonicus and M. persicae) were reared on Plantago lanceolata plants, with and without root colonization by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus intraradices. Life history traits of the aphids measured were nymphal development time, teneral adult weight, growth rate, total fecundity, adult longevity and duration of post-reproductive life. For both aphids in both generations, mycorrhizal colonization increased aphid weight and fecundity, while other traits were unaffected. The increases were consistent between generations. In a second experiment, M. persicae was reared on plants with and without the fungus, under varying N and P regimes. The results of N addition were inconclusive because there was high aphid mortality. However, under P supplementation, positive effects of the mycorrhiza on aphid growth were seen at low and medium P levels, while at high P levels these effects disappeared. The positive effects of mycorrhizal colonization reported here are contrary to the majority of previous studies with chewing insects, which have reported negative effects. A number of possible mechanisms for this apparent discrepancy are discussed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Positive effects of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on aphid life history traits

1999

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“…(e) Examine the roots under the microscope at ×100 magnification. The degree of mycorrhizal colonisation varies depending on staining agent and plant species (Gange et al 1999).…”

Section: Storing Processing and Observations (Categories 1-4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A handbook of protocols for standardised and easy measurement of plant functional traits worldwide

Cornelissen¹,

Lavorel²,

Garnier³

et al. 2003

Aust. J. Bot.

3,208

3,160

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There is growing recognition that classifying terrestrial plant species on the basis of their function (into 'functional types') rather than their higher taxonomic identity, is a promising way forward for tackling important ecological questions at the scale of ecosystems, landscapes or biomes. These questions include those on vegetation responses to and vegetation effects on, environmental changes (e.g. changes in climate, atmospheric chemistry, land use or other disturbances). There is also growing consensus about a shortlist of plant traits that should underlie such functional plant classifications, because they have strong predictive power of important ecosystem responses to environmental change and/or they themselves have strong impacts on ecosystem processes. The most favoured traits are those that are also relatively easy and inexpensive to measure for large numbers of plant species. Large international research efforts, promoted by the IGBP–GCTE Programme, are underway to screen predominant plant species in various ecosystems and biomes worldwide for such traits. This paper provides an international methodological protocol aimed at standardising this research effort, based on consensus among a broad group of scientists in this field. It features a practical handbook with step-by-step recipes, with relatively brief information about the ecological context, for 28 functional traits recognised as critical for tackling large-scale ecological questions.

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“…The cassettes were washed under tap water, immersed in 3% HCl for 2 min, and washed under running tap water and then with deionized distilled water. The roots were removed from the cassettes and stained with 0.05% trypan blue (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) in deionized distilled water, glycerol, and lactic acid (1:1:1) solution (Cao et al 2013;Gange et al 1999). The stained roots were observed under a Leica DM750 microscope (40× ; Leica Microsystems, Concord, ON), and mycorrhizal colonization and percent arbuscule and vesicle abundance were measured using the scoring procedure described by Trouvelot et al (1986).…”

Section: Sms Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Soil Moisture Stress on Vegetative Growth and Mycorrhizal Colonization in Hound’s-tongue (Cynoglossum officinale)

Momayyezi

Upadhyaya

2016

Weed Sci

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Hound's-tongue is an invasive, biennial weed that thrives in dry rangelands of British Columbia. Rosette formation in the first year of growth and a deep root system offer this weed a competitive advantage against associated grasses under dry conditions. To study effects of water stress on seedling growth and mycorrhizal colonization in hound's-tongue, seedlings of this weed were grown in pots in a greenhouse and subjected to four (100, 80, 60, and 40% of field capacity) soil moisture treatments. Effects of soil moisture stress (SMS) on several growth parameters as well as mycorrhizal colonization of roots were studied. The total biomass, shoot and root fresh and dry weights, leaf number, petiole length, leaf area, and specific leaf weight (leaf dry weight per unit leaf area) decreased with increasing SMS; shoot and root water content was not affected. Because of a greater effect of SMS on root compared with the shoot biomass, shoot:root ratio increased as the moisture stress increased. Water stress decreased mycorrhizal colonization and arbuscule and vesicle abundance. A reduction in total biomass, leaf number and leaf area per plant, petiole length, and mycorrhizal colonization may reduce the competitive advantage of hound's-tongue over its neighbors under drought conditions. The effect on plant size may also influence herbivory, by biocontrol agents and other herbivores, and fecundity of this weed. Nomenclature: Hound's-tongue, Cynoglossum officinale L.

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A comparison of visualization techniques for recording arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization

Cited by 59 publications

References 21 publications

Positive effects of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on aphid life history traits

Positive effects of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on aphid life history traits

A handbook of protocols for standardised and easy measurement of plant functional traits worldwide

Influence of Soil Moisture Stress on Vegetative Growth and Mycorrhizal Colonization in Hound’s-tongue (Cynoglossum officinale)

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