A comparison of two short-term intensive physical activity interventions: methodological considerations

Norton, Lynda; Norton, Kevin; Lewis, Nicole; Dollman, James

doi:10.1186/1479-5868-8-133

Cited by 25 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…Various versions of the socioecological model are widely referenced and used as guiding frameworks for research at the population level (52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64)(65)(66), and this would seem to contradict the above assertion that the individual is the primary unit of analysis in conventional research. However, even in this context, the unit of analysis (the dependent variable) is the individual.…”

Section: Why Studymentioning

confidence: 90%

Expanding the Frontiers of Population Nutrition Research: New Questions, New Methods, and New Approaches

Pelletier

Porter

Aarons

et al. 2013

Advances in Nutrition

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Nutrition research, ranging from molecular to population levels and all points along this spectrum, is exploring new frontiers as new technologies and societal changes create new possibilities and demands. This paper defines a set of frontiers at the population level that are being created by the increased societal recognition of the importance of nutrition; its connection to urgent health, social, and environmental problems; and the need for effective and sustainable solutions at the population level. The frontiers are defined in terms of why, what, who, and how we study at the population level and the disciplinary foundations for that research. The paper provides illustrations of research along some of these frontiers, an overarching framework for population nutrition research, and access to some of the literature from outside of nutrition that can enhance the intellectual coherence, practical utility, and societal benefit of population nutrition research. The frontiers defined in this paper build on earlier forward-looking efforts by the American Society for Nutrition and extend these efforts in significant ways. The American Society for Nutrition and its members can play pivotal roles in advancing these frontiers by addressing a number of well-recognized challenges associated with transdisciplinary and engaged research.

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Section: Why Studymentioning

confidence: 90%

Expanding the Frontiers of Population Nutrition Research: New Questions, New Methods, and New Approaches

Pelletier

Porter

Aarons

et al. 2013

Advances in Nutrition

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“…The University of South Australia ethics committee approved this study and all subjects gave informed written consent. The methods and design of the study have been described in detail previously 26. Participants reported here were recruited from a university, tertiary hospital, and several government departments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two types of intervention were: (1) a pedometer-based strategy, wherein participants were instructed to achieve at least 5000 steps/day in week 1 and increase this by 1000 steps/wk to 10,000 steps/day by week 6; and (2) a group-based strategy that required participants to attend instructorled activities three times/week (Monday, Wednesday, Friday) and undertake individual activities for at least 30 minutes on alternate days (more detail is provided in Norton et al26). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise training improves fasting glucose control

Norton¹,

Norton²,

Lewis³

2012

OAJSM

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PurposeNumerous studies have measured changes in fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in response to physical activity (PA) interventions. While studies involving clinical populations such as type 2 diabetics typically report significant reductions, most others report no change in FBG. This study investigated changes in FBG in apparently healthy adults following a PA intervention.MethodsWe measured fingertip samples for FBG pre and post a 40-day PA program in 575 insufficiently active adults. The PA goal was at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise daily, and there was 73% compliance.ResultsA PA questionnaire showed the average level of activity was 69 ± 46 min/wk preintervention, and this increased to 635 ± 458 min/wk postintervention. When the change in FBG was regressed against baseline FBG levels, there was a significant negative relationship (y = 2.623 − 0.471 × x; r = 0.472; P < 0.0001). The regression line showed, on average, subjects with low pre-study glucose levels had increased FBG while those with high levels had reductions in FBG.ConclusionIt appears that the body’s response to PA training is to upregulate glucose control, which is reflected in tighter FBG levels around a physiological set point (5.6 mmol/L, in the present study). Regulation of blood glucose is a complex neuroendocrine process with numerous organs involved, but it was not possible in the present study to determine which of these regulatory steps are involved in exercise-induced changes of FBG.

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“…An expanded explanation of the methodological considerations of the intervention design is available in the paper by Norton and colleagues [18]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the activitystat hypothesis: a randomised controlled trial protocol

et al. 2012

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BackgroundThe activitystat hypothesis proposes that when physical activity or energy expenditure is increased or decreased in one domain, there will be a compensatory change in another domain to maintain an overall, stable level of physical activity or energy expenditure. To date, there has been no experimental study primarily designed to test the activitystat hypothesis in adults. The aim of this trial is to determine the effect of two different imposed exercise loads on total daily energy expenditure and physical activity levels.MethodsThis study will be a randomised, multi-arm, parallel controlled trial. Insufficiently active adults (as determined by the Active Australia survey) aged 18–60 years old will be recruited for this study (n=146). Participants must also satisfy the Sports Medicine Australia Pre-Exercise Screening System and must weigh less than 150 kg. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups using a computer-generated allocation sequence. Participants in the Moderate exercise group will receive an additional 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per week for six weeks, and those in the Extensive exercise group will receive an additional 300 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per week for six weeks. Exercise targets will be accumulated through both group and individual exercise sessions monitored by heart rate telemetry. Control participants will not be given any instructions regarding lifestyle. The primary outcome measures are activity energy expenditure (doubly labeled water) and physical activity (accelerometry). Secondary measures will include resting metabolic rate via indirect calorimetry, use of time, maximal oxygen consumption and several anthropometric and physiological measures. Outcome measures will be conducted at baseline (zero weeks), mid- and end-intervention (three and six weeks) with three (12 weeks) and six month (24 week) follow-up. All assessors will be blinded to group allocation.DiscussionThis protocol has been specifically designed to test the activitystat hypothesis while taking into account the key conceptual and methodological considerations of testing a biologically regulated homeostatic feedback loop. Results of this study will be an important addition to the growing literature and debate concerning the possible existence of an activitystat.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12610000248066

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A comparison of two short-term intensive physical activity interventions: methodological considerations

Cited by 25 publications

References 30 publications

Expanding the Frontiers of Population Nutrition Research: New Questions, New Methods, and New Approaches

Expanding the Frontiers of Population Nutrition Research: New Questions, New Methods, and New Approaches

Exercise training improves fasting glucose control

Testing the activitystat hypothesis: a randomised controlled trial protocol

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