A Comparison of Two Methods of Enhancing Implant Primary Stability

Abstract

Within the limitations of this study, the results agree with the manufacturer's claim that when compared with standard implants, the design of the Mk IV implant increases implant primary stability with a reduction in the energy imparted into the bone at the implant site.

Assessment of the primary stability of root analog zirconia implants designed using cone beam computed tomography software by means of the Periotest® device: An ex vivo study. A preliminary report

“…8 The primary stability of RAZI designed using CBCT scan and CAD/CAM technologies can be measured by a variety of techniques, including: cutting resistance analysis (CRA), reverse torque test (RTT), resonance frequency analysis (RFA), impact hammer method. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] In the cutting resistance analysis (CRA) a torque gauge incorporated within the drilling unit is used to determine the implant insertion torque and to measure bone quality in various parts of a jaw. 13 The energy required for a current-fed electric motor to cut the bone during implant surgery is measured.…”

“…[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] In the cutting resistance analysis (CRA) a torque gauge incorporated within the drilling unit is used to determine the implant insertion torque and to measure bone quality in various parts of a jaw. 13 The energy required for a current-fed electric motor to cut the bone during implant surgery is measured. This energy was shown to be significantly correlated with bone density and thus determined poor-quality bone, which has been suggested as one of the factors that significantly influences implant stability.…”

Resonance frequency analysis by the Osstell system, using the transducer screwed to different healings abutments

“…This micromobility seems to be determined by the bone density at the implant site. 10 The ISQ values are influenced by different factors 11 as the effective implant length, the distance from the transducer to the marginal bone, (the greater the distance from the transducer to the bone, the lower the ISQ value); 1,6,12,13 the osseous quality; 14,15 the force with which the Smartpeg (transducer) is torqued; 12,16 the presence of soft tissue between the implant and the transducer; 14,16 and the amount of bone in contact with the implant. 14 It is well known that the disconnections and subsequent reconnections of the abutment compromise the periimplant tissue stability.…”

“…Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA) represents a widely used technique for an objective assessment of implant stability at any stage of treatment or follow-up, due to its high reliability and reproducibility. [3][4][5][6][7][8] This technique has been demonstrated to evaluate implant stability as a function of interface stiffness. 9 RFA is assessed by the instrument Osstell (Osstell AB, Göteborg, Sweden.).…”

Development of predictable stability test for assessment of optimum loading time in dental implant

“…Since energy is also lost in the generation of heat within the hand piece, in the generation of noise, and the friction between the components of the hand piece and motor, 19 so the total energy calculated by insertion torque may be overestimate of the energy imparted to the bone. Nonetheless if the energy is excessive, the bone will show slow healing or particular necrosis.…”