A comparison of two diets in the laboratory culture of the zoeal stages of the brachyuran crabsRhithropanopeus harrisii andNeopanope sp.

Sulkin, Stephen D.; Norman, K.

doi:10.1007/bf01610352

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Although there is clear evidence that the rotifer diet causes a delay in the larval development of Geryon --results for Menippe mercenaria, other xanthids (Sulkin and Norman, 1976) Callinectes sapidus (Sulkin, 1975(Sulkin, , 1978, and Ovalipes ocellatus (Sulkin, unpublished productive, near-shore surface waters which are likely 2: 329-337 to contain the kinds of prey required to satisfy nutritional needs. Larvae of Geryon quinquedens, however, hatch at depths exceeding 200 m, at water temperatures less than 12 Â¡C Even assuming that they eventually reach surface waters, the vertical excursion will be time consuming and energy demanding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparative studies using nauplii of the brine shrimp Artemia salina (L.) and the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis Muller have been useful in establishing the presence of critical dietary requirements during larval development and in comparing these requirements among species (Sulkin, 1975;Sulkin and Norman, 1976;Bigford, 1978;Anger and Nair, 1979). In these experiments, failure of the larvae to develop to metamorphosis on the rotifer diet has been regarded as evidence of nutritional vulnerability.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus adaptations which reduce dependence on the capture of specific prey needed to satisfy nutritional requirements are likely to be favored by natural selection. Yet species such as the blue crab Callinectes sapidus Rathbun (Sulkin, 1975) and the spider crab Libinia emarginata (Bigford, 1978) show specific nutritional needs which must be satisfied via the diet On the other hand larvae of the mud crabs Rhithropanopeus ham-sii (Gould) and Neopanope texana sayi can survive to metamorphosis on prey species which are unable to sustain C. sapidus and L. emarginata (Sulkin and Norman, 1976). Thus crab species show considerable variability in nutritional flexibility during larval development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological and Evolutionary Significance of Nutritional Flexibility in Planktotrophic Larvae of the Deep Sea Red Crab Geryon quinquedens and the Stone Crab (Menippe mercenaria)

Sulkin¹,

Heukelem²

1980

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Larvae of crab species inhabiting the shallow water marine environment show a wide range in nutritional requirements that must be satisfied via the diet. The present study compares the dietary requirements of larvae of the deep sea red crab Geryon quinquedens Smith with those of the stone crab Menjppe mercenaria Say, a shallow water species. Stone crab larvae cannot survive to metamorphosis on a rotifer diet. Red crab larvae show no difference in survival to metamorphosis on rotifer and brine shrimp nauplius diets, although some delay in development is seen on the former diet. We speculate that increased nutritional flexibility exhibited by the red crab is related to its deep water habitat and that evolution of such flexibility may be required for penetration of that habitat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological and Evolutionary Significance of Nutritional Flexibility in Planktotrophic Larvae of the Deep Sea Red Crab Geryon quinquedens and the Stone Crab (Menippe mercenaria)

Sulkin¹,

Heukelem²

1980

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…The rather good development in early larval stages (see above) and in small species (Broad, 1957a;Simon, 1979) suggest that algal cell (or chain) size relative to larval size, morphology (mouth parts), and behavioural traits are determinant factors for the suitability of phytoptankton as a food source. The same is probably true for small zooplankton such as rotifers (Brick, 1974;Sulkin & Norman, 1976;Sulkin, 1978;Anger & Nair, 1979;Sulkin & van Heukelem, 1980). Particularly positive rearing results with mixed diets (Regnault, 1969a;Ingle & Rice, 1971;Sandifer, 1972;Christiansen & Yang, 1976;Manzi et al, 1977) show, however, that qualitative (biochemical) aspects are also very important in larval nutrition.…”

Section: Foodmentioning

confidence: 97%

Experimental studies on the larval development of the shrimpsCrangon crangon andC. allmanni

Criales

Anger

1986

Helgolander Meeresunters

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Larvae of the shrimps Crangon crangon L. and C. alImanni Kinahan were reared in the laboratory from hatching through metamorphosis. Effects of rearing methods (larval density, application of streptomycin, food) and of salinity on larval development were tested only in C.crangon, influence of temperature was studied in both species. Best results were obtained when larvae were reared individually, with a mixture of Artemia sp. and the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis as food. Streptomycin had partly negative effects and was thus not adopted for standard rearing techniques. All factors tested in this study influenced not only the rates of larval survival and moulting, but also morphogenesis. In both species, in particular in C. crangon, a high degree of variability in larval morphology and in developmental pathways was observed. Unsuitable conditions, e.g. crowding in mass culture, application of antibiotics, unsuitable food (rotifers, phytoplankton), extreme temperatures and salinities, tend to increase the number of larval instars and of morphological forms. The frequency of moulting is controlled mainly by temperature. Regression equations describing the relations between the durations of larval instars and temperature are given for both Crangon species. The number of moults is a linear function of larval age and a power function of temperature. There is high variation in growth (measured as carapace length), moulting frequency, morphogenesis, and survival among hatches originating from different females. The interrelations between these different measures of larval development in shrimps and prawns are discussed.

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“…In some events, up to 90% of the cultivated larvae are lost in a few days. The larviculture of other species of brachyuran crabs, lobster and crayϐish suffer from similar mortality (Sulkin & Norman 1976, Paul et al 1989, Sulkin et al 1998, Mann et al 2001, Ruscoe et al 2004, in which large quantities of larvae die at about the same time, especially near the end of the larviculture cycle. One striking resemblance among these reports is that most dead larvae present mixed morphological traits, between the stages of zoea and decapodid, suggesting that the phenomenon may be related to difϐiculties arisen during the molting process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different pathways in the larval development of the crab Ucides cordatus (Decapoda, Ocypodidae) and their relation with high mortality rates by the end of massive larvicultures

et al. 2012

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One of the most limiting factors affecting the larval rearing of Ucides cordatus in the laboratory is a period of high mortality, which usually occurs late in the course of the larviculture during the metamorphosis from the zoeal to the megalopal phase. The objective of the present research was to analyze the post-embryonic development of U. cordatus on an individual basis and, in particular, to search for patterns linking disturbances in the molting process to the high larval death rates observed in massive larvicultures. A total of 50 larvae were individually reared from hatching to metamorphosis into the megalopal phase under controlled conditions, fed a combination of microalgae and rotifers. The survivorship rate was 70% until zoea V. The 35 surviving zoea V larvae followed two different pathways. Eleven underwent metamorphosis directly to megalopa, eighteen molted to zoea VI and six died as zoea V. In the last molting event, only two zoea VI larvae reached the megalopal stage, while the remaining sixteen died. In further observation under microscope, 13 of the dead zoea VI showed characteristics of the pre-molt stage and pereiopods disproportionably large in relation to the carapace. The observed pattern resembles the Molt Death Syndrome (MDS) described for other decapod species, in which larvae die in the late pre-molt phase of the molting cycle. We suggest that U. cordatus larvae develop disturbances in the molting process similar to the MDS described for other species and that these disturbances are related to a more complex pathway involving the emergence of larval stage zoea VI. (Linnaeus, 1763) em laboratório é um período de alta mortalidade, o qual usualmente ocorre no ϐim do curso da larvicultura durante a metamorfose da fase de zoea para a de megalopa. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi analisar o desenvolvimento pósembrionário de U. cordatus em uma base individual e, em particular, procurar por padrões ligando distúrbios no processo de muda com as altas taxas de mortalidade observadas nas larviculturas massivas. Um total de 50 larvas foram cultivadas individualmente da eclosão até a fase de megalopa em condições controladas, alimentadas com uma combinação de microalgas e rotíferos. A taxa de sobrevivência foi de 70% até zoea V. As 35 larvas zoea V sobreviventes seguiram dois diferentes caminhos. Onze realizaram a metamorfose diretamente para megalopa, dezoito Pesq. Vet. Bras. 32(4):284-288, abril 2012 285 The larval development of the crab Ucides cordatus and their relation with high mortality rates by the end of massive larvicultures mudaram para zoea VI e seis morreram como zoea V. No último evento de muda, apenas duas larvas zoea VI atingiram a fase de megalopa, enquanto as dezesseis restantes morreram. Em investigação posterior sob microscópio, 13 das zoea VI mortas mostravam características de estágio de prémuda e pereiópodes desproporcionalmente grandes em relação à carapaça. O padrão observado lembra a Sín-drome da Morte na Muda (MDS) descrita para outras espé-cies de decápodes, na qua...

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A comparison of two diets in the laboratory culture of the zoeal stages of the brachyuran crabsRhithropanopeus harrisii andNeopanope sp.

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Ecological and Evolutionary Significance of Nutritional Flexibility in Planktotrophic Larvae of the Deep Sea Red Crab Geryon quinquedens and the Stone Crab (Menippe mercenaria)

Ecological and Evolutionary Significance of Nutritional Flexibility in Planktotrophic Larvae of the Deep Sea Red Crab Geryon quinquedens and the Stone Crab (Menippe mercenaria)

Experimental studies on the larval development of the shrimpsCrangon crangon andC. allmanni

Different pathways in the larval development of the crab Ucides cordatus (Decapoda, Ocypodidae) and their relation with high mortality rates by the end of massive larvicultures

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