A comparison of tool–repair methods using CO2 laser surfacing and arc surfacing

Grum, Janez; Slabe, Janez Marko

doi:10.1016/s0169-4332(02)01427-7

Cited by 47 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Gehricke [2] report the superiority of the maraging steels over the hot-working tool steels. Grum and Slabe also observed [3,4] that the heat treatment of maraging steels including solution annealing and precipitation annealing is less difficult than the heat treatment of hot-working tool steels. Despite these advantages of the maraging steels, the majority of the moulds produced in Portugal for die casting processes of aluminium and magnesium alloys use hot-working tool steels (X 40 CrMoV 5 1 and 40 CrMnNiMo 8 6 4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Fatigue behaviour of laser repairing welded joints

Borrego¹,

Pires

Costa

et al. 2007

Engineering Failure Analysis

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This paper presents a fatigue study in Nd-YAG laser surface repairing welded joints in specimens of two base materials used in mould production. The tests were carried out in a servo-hydraulic machine in tension, under constant amplitude loading, with two stress ratios R = 0 and R = 0.4. Welded specimens were prepared with U notches and filled with laser welding deposits. The fatigue results are presented in the form of S-N curves obtained in welded and non-welded conditions. Complementary measurements of hardness and residual stresses profiles were carried out along the surface of laser welded specimens to understand the observed fatigue behaviour. The melted material was the weaker region, with lower values of hardness and higher tensile residual stresses, presenting also a high number of defects that are potential failure sites. The presence of such defects can explain the relatively poor fatigue strength of the laser repairing joints in comparison to base materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Fatigue behaviour of laser repairing welded joints

Borrego¹,

Pires

Costa

et al. 2007

Engineering Failure Analysis

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“…The microstructure consists of low-carbon, high alloyed with Ni, Co and Mo package martensite in dendrites and austenite sublayer along their boundaries. Probably this high-alloyed martensite possesses high dislocation density which is precondition for precipitation of intermetallic compounds of the Ni 3 Mo type [7,8] during the following ageing. The microhardness investigations after ageing in the temperature range 450-600 °C (Fig.…”

Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, this enables the next heat treatment to be performed according to the application of the repaired parts. It was established [8] that the welding-on of low-carbon steel (0.15С -0.21Si -0.42Mn -0.27Al, wt%) with maraging alloy (0.04C -7.5Ni -6.25Co -6.25Mo -0.6Ti -0.1Al -3.8Mn -1.9Si, wt%) leads to an increase in the welded-on layer hardness from 350-400 HV 0.1 to 520-560 HV 0.1 after 8 hours ageing at a temperature of 550 °C. This technology is suitable for repairing especially die casting dies and molds for polymers made of maraging or other tool steels.…”

Section: Maragingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure of Laser Welded-on Layers of 32CrMoV12-28 Steel with Maraging Alloy in Ageing

Shtarbakov¹,

Stavrev²

2016

AM&T

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The present paper deals with investigation of the possibility for application of laser welding-on technology for repairing the mold cavities of die casting dies. The surface of the samples, made of 32CrMoV12-28 (DIN) steel, was welded on by additional material -maraging alloy with chemical composition 0.02С-19.3Ni -0.4V-2Cr-14.5Co-4.7Mo-0.25Al-0.2Mn-0.2Si, (wt %). The surface treatment was done by pulse laser AL 200 Nd:YAG with a wave length of 1064 nm. To estimate the possibility for additional hardening of the welded-on layers, the samples were heated for 1 hour at temperatures of 450, 500, 550 and 600 °С. The microstructure was investigated by light microscopy, the Vickers microhardness was measured with 100 g load and XRD-analysis was done. After laser welding-on the hardened surface layer was obtained. Its microstructure possesses dendrite morphology and consists mainly of ferrite oversaturated with alloying elements. The intermetallic compounds of the types Fe-Cr and Fe-Al are also observed. After ageing Ni-Al and Ni-Mo phases precipitate with maximal quantity at a temperature of 550 °C. After ageing at this temperature a maximal hardness of 600-650 HV, twice higher than that of the welded-on layer, was observed. The next temperature increase leads to the hardness decrease up to 400-450 HV due to the interruption of the coherent bonds between the phases and transformation of dendrite morphology to equiaxed crystals. As a result of the present investigation the application of the laser welding-on with additional material -maraging alloy, could be recommended for repairing the mold cavities of die casting dies.

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“…Gehricke [1] reported the superiority of the maraging steels relatively to hot-working tool steels. Grum and Slabe also observed [2,3] that the heat treatment of maraging steels, including solution annealing and precipitation annealing, is less difficult than the heat treatment of hot-working tool steels. Despite these advantages of the maraging steels, the majority of the moulds produced in Portugal for die casting processes of aluminium and magnesium alloys as well as for injection and bow moulds for plastic products use hot-working tool steels (AISI H13 and AISI P20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mould steels repaired by laser welding

Borrego¹,

Pires

Costa

et al. 2009

Engineering Failure Analysis

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Laser-deposit welding, by using Nd-YAG, is a mould repairing process, which has the advantages relatively to the traditional methods of achieving a less change of the metal composition around the repaired zone and permitting a very accurate deposition of a small volume of the filler material in the area chosen at the work-piece surface. This paper presents a fatigue study in specimens of two base materials used in mould production (AISI H13 and P20). Filler material as well as welding parameters were analysed in order to obtain better fatigue strength. The tests were carried out under constant amplitude loading, with two stress ratios R = 0 and R = 0.4. Welded specimens were prepared with V notches and filled with laser welding deposits. The fatigue results are presented in the form of S-N curves obtained in welded and non-welded conditions. Complementary measurements of hardness profiles and SEM analysis were carried out to understanding the fatigue behaviour and failure sites. The laser-deposit material was the weaker region in both steels, due to a high level of tensile residual stresses and also to some planar defects that are potential failure sites. Fatigue crack initiation is therefore reduced and the fatigue propagation life is enhanced. A significant mean stress effect in the base material was also observed in both mould steels.

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A comparison of tool–repair methods using CO2 laser surfacing and arc surfacing

Cited by 47 publications

References 1 publication

Fatigue behaviour of laser repairing welded joints

Fatigue behaviour of laser repairing welded joints

Microstructure of Laser Welded-on Layers of 32CrMoV12-28 Steel with Maraging Alloy in Ageing

Mould steels repaired by laser welding

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