“…Nevertheless, previous studies conducted by Zhao, et al [2022]; Hu, et al [2021]; Yang and Shang, [2020]; Yangdong, et al [2020]; Hu, et al [2020]; Jun and Jia-xin, [2019]; Parichatnon, et al [2018]; Shuisheng, et al [2017]; Parichatnon, et al [2017]; Oukil and Zekri, [2014]; Shen and Shen, [2013]; Estelle, et al [2010]; Suebpongsakorn. A, [2012]; Estelle, et al [2010]; Qing Yin, et al [2020]; Pan, et al [2022]; Yijia, et al [2015]; Linh, et al [2017]; Ebrahimnejad, et al [2014]; Liu, et al [2013]; Huang, et al [2012]; Estelle et al, [2010] were only available on the efficiency of the three-stage DEA model. The conclusions of these empirical research are addressed further below.…”