A Comparison of Three Continuous and Four Shuttle Anticoccidial Programs

Abstract

Continuous programs of a combination of narasin (40 ppm) and nicarbazin (40 ppm) (NaNi), narasin at levels of 60 and 70 ppm, and a 2 by 2 factorial shuttle design (NaNi or nicarbazin at 125 ppm, each for 27 or 28 days, followed by narasin at 60 or 70 ppm to termination), were compared with unmedicated controls for their anticoccidial efficacy and growth performance in nine broiler trials conducted in seven countries outside the United States. Cecal coccidial lesions were reduced only by treatments that incorporated nicarbazin either at the 40-ppm level in NaNi or at 125 ppm, whereas total intestinal lesion scores were reduced by all the anticoccidial programs tested. At Day 28, the three treatments containing NaNi and the treatment containing narasin at 60 ppm significantly improved weight gain and feed efficiencies over the two treatments containing nicarbazin at 125 ppm and the unmedicated controls. At termination all the anticoccidial programs significantly decreased the mortality rate and improved bird weights and feed efficiencies. Birds on the treatments containing NaNi either in the two shuttle programs or in the continuous program were significantly heavier than those on the two treatments containing nicarbazin at 125 ppm in shuttle programs.

Sensitivity of Eimeria Field Isolates in the United States: Responses of Nicarbazin-Containing Anticoccidials

“…In addition, Long et al (1988) demonstrated that lesion scores for NAR + NIC 80 ppm in floor pens were equal to or lower than those of NIC 125 ppm; performance responses of NAR + NIC 80 ppm in their tests were significantly greater than those of NIC, as were several suboptimal dosages (20 to 60 ppm of total drug concentration). Likewise, Guneratne and Gard (1991) and Watkins and Bafundo (1993) demonstrated body weight responses for the 2 products were similar to those reported by Long et al (1988). Thus, data contained herein provide a striking contrast to results of studies carried out during the introduction of NAR + NIC.…”

“…In the United States, 80 ppm is the most commonly used level of this combination. Commercially, NIC and NAR + NIC have been used in the starter segment of anticoccidial programs, and research has shown positive effects with these products when they are used in this manner (Long et al, 1988;Guneratne and Gard, 1991).…”

Changes in weight gain, faecal oocyst count and packed cell volume of Eimeria tenella-infected broilers treated with a wild mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) aqueous extract : article

“…Early emphasis in the control of coccidiosis in poultry was placed on strict hygienic measures combined with preventive medication using sulphonamides such as sulphadimidine and sulphaquinoxaline, and other drugs as they became available, including amprolium (a thiamine analogue), diaveridine (a pyrimidine), ionophores (polyether antibiotics such as monensin, salinomycin and narasin), nitrofuran and furazolidone, robenidine (a guanidine derivative) and quinolones 12 . Many poultry flocks currently receive preventive medication and curative treatment to control coccidiosis.…”

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on additives and products or substances used in animal feed (FEEDAP) on the re-evaluation of efficacy and safety of the coccidiostat Monteban® G100 in accordance with article 9G of Council Directive 70/524/EEC

“…Two published floor pen studies were included in the dossier post 1990 (Guneratne andGard, 1991, Watkins andBafundo, 1993).…”

“…In the study of Guneratne and Gard (1991) nine trials were conducted in seven countries using a common protocol design. Two trials were conducted both in Colombia and South Africa, and one in Brazil, Malaysia, Thailand, Taiwan and Venezuela.…”