A comparison of the variability of binocular and monocular threshold measurements during dark adaptation in the human eye.

Forbes, Lyman M.; Mote, F. A.

doi:10.1037/h0048358

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Illumination was provided by a 150-W light bulb with a dimmer attachment. The suggestion has been made in the literature that there is a greater binocular advantage in dim light than in bright light (Forbes & Mote, 1956;Laird, 1924;Shaad, 1935). Therefore, the experiments were performed in both normal bright light, 16 ft-C. (172.22 Ix), and dim light, .5 ft-C. (5.38 Ix), to test this possibility.…”

Section: General Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why two eyes are better than one: The two views of binocular vision.

Jones¹,

Lee²

1981

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

136

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite centuries of research on the topic, the answer to the question "'Are two eyes significantly better than one, independent of stereopsis?" is still uncertain. In this investigation, steps are taken toward answering the question in a behavioral context. Three sets of experiments are reported in which human binocular and monocular performance are compared in a variety of exteroceptive and visuomotor tasks. In all of the experiments, two eyes facilitated performance. The findings suggest that the binocular system is able to detect the matching information, that is, the concordance, in the monocular optic arrays and to use that information to increase visual efficiency. Furthermore, stereopsis was not found to be important in the performance of visuomotor skills in three dimensions when the subjects were free to move their heads. Thus, the results indicate that an important ecological benefit of binocular frontal vision is having binocular concordance, rather than having binocular disparity.

show abstract

Section: General Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why two eyes are better than one: The two views of binocular vision.

Jones¹,

Lee²

1981

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

136

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These facts, then, argue strongly for the utilization of artificial pupils, preferably no larger than 2 mm, since pupil diameter during medium illumination is typically 2-3 mm (Reeves, 1918). , But, while it is clear that variations in pupil size can differentially affect the monocular and binocular thresholds, it appears that such variations are not solely responsible for the lack of agreement concerning summation of the absolute threshold, for a number of Es who have found evidence for summation have employed artificial pupils (e.g., Forbes & Mote, 1956;Laird, 1924) while others who have employed artificial pupils have failed to obtain such evidence (e.g., Graham, 1930).…”

Section: Pupil Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

The psychophysical inquiry into binocular summation

Blake

Fox

1973

Perception & Psychophysics

282

163

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Experiments that compare monocular and binocular visual performance of human psychophysical Os on a variety of visual tasks are reviewed, The review attempts to include all experiments published in English in this century, excluding work on stereopsis, rivalry, and evoked potentials, The concept of probability summation as a baseline for assessing the presence of neural summation is discussed, and the assumptions of several models for estimating probability summation are considered. Experiments are classified in terms of visual task, major categories being increment detection, flicker fusion, brightness magnitude, and contour resolution. A major conclusion is that binocular performance is superior for essentially all task categories and in most cases by a magnitude greater than that predicted by appropriate probability summation models.The cardinal feature of the binocular visual system in man is the unification of the two separate monocular views into a binocular cyclopean view that betrays little trace of its monocular origins. Relatively little is known about the mechanism responsible for unification, although an examination of the physiology of the visual system reveals a number of features that seem expressly designed to promote unification. Some of the more prominent features are the partial crossing of the optic tracts at the optic chiasma and the elaborate system for the maintenance of conjugate eye movements. The existence of these features in man, and in binocular vertebrates in general, suggests an adaptive function of binocularity of sufficient magnitude to justify the survival of this complicated physiological organization. Yet the immediate advantage of having two eyes functioning as one is not obvious. The simple experiment of closing one eye does not result in any dramatic change in the appearance of the visual world. Rather, only by more stringent experimentation are the subtle advantages of binocularly joined eyes revealed.The purpose of this paper is to review those experiments undertaken in the 20th century that have compared monocular and binocular performance on a variety of visual tasks. The rubric under which such experiments are typically grouped is "binocular summation." These experiments compare the relative performance on some visual task (such as detection or form resolution) by a human S using one and both eyes. In the literature, this kind of inquiry into binocular vision is treated separately from investigations of stereopsis and of binocular rivalry; following that distinction, the voluminous research on these binocular phenomena is not included. A further exclusion is data

show abstract

“…A difference was, however, that in the present study the early part of the adaptation was binocular, whereas Denden used monocular adaptation. The binocular method of the study tends to smooth the curves somewhat (8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dark Adaptation in Dichromats and Anomalous Trichromats

KARMA

1971

Acta Ophthalmologica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dark adaptation involves a rapid cone adaptation followed by a slower rod adaptation. The photochemical reactions and nerve mechanisms in rod adaptation are incompletely known, and even less is known about cone adaptation. If the dark adaptation of a healthy subject is plotted on a semilogarithmic scale, the curve takes a given shape. This shape is governed by the retinal region measured, the insensity, duration and wave-length of the preadaptation light, and the duration and wave-length of the light stimulus.Denden (1964, 1966 and 1967) (1, 2, 3) reported on studies of dichromats and anomalous trichromats and their dark adaptation to white light. The results varied, and no conclusive differences compared with the normal adaptation curves emerged.The purpose of the present study was to discover whether this method was capable of bringing to light differences in the adaptation curves of dichromats and anomalous trichromats, compared with normal curves. Material and MethodsThe series consisted of 50 national servicemen with defective color vision and 14 with normal color vision, all aged about 20 years. The Bostrom-Kugelberg (Kifa 1944) and I T Bostrom (Kifa 1950) pseudo-isochromatic tables were used to detect color defectives.

show abstract

A comparison of the variability of binocular and monocular threshold measurements during dark adaptation in the human eye.

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

Why two eyes are better than one: The two views of binocular vision.

Why two eyes are better than one: The two views of binocular vision.

The psychophysical inquiry into binocular summation

Dark Adaptation in Dichromats and Anomalous Trichromats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About