A Comparison of the Ultrastructure and Metabolic Response of the Skeletal Muscle of Horses Performing Intense Treadmill Exercise at 20 and 35°C

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine whether the metabolic response and ultrastructure of muscle differed when horses performed intense exercise at different ambient temperatures. Four Standardbred geldings performed treadmill exercise, including an intensive trot of 2600 m on two different occasions, either at a high ambient temperature of 35°C or at a temperature of 20°C. The horses had a warm‐up period of 23.5 min of submaximal exercise, followed by 2 h of box rest before the intensive exercise. Muscle biopsy data of adenine nucleotides, creatine phosphate, lactate and glycogen concentrations measured before the warm‐up period were similar to those measured before the period of intensive exercise. Muscle lactate concentrations did not differ between the two temperatures, but increased significantly after intense exercise to levels of 34.7 ± 8.3 mmol/kg d.w. at 20°C, and to 41.7 ± 12.5 mmol/kg d.w. at 35°C. Muscle glycogen and creatine phosphate concentrations did not differ between the two ambient temperatures, but decreased significantly by 122 ± 82 mmol/kg d.w. and 25.2 ± 17.4 mmol/kg d.w., respectively, after the intensive exercise. No changes were seen in adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate and adenosine monophosphate concentrations. The muscle biopsies were investigated by electron microscopy, and showed no marked changes in the ultrastructure of the muscle due to exercise at the two different ambient temperatures. In conclusion, no marked changes were seen in the muscle metabolic response or in the ultrastructure of the muscle when the horses performed intense exercise at 35°C compared to 20°C.

Exercise training increases oxidative capacity and attenuates exercise-induced ultrastructural damage in skeletal muscle of aged horses

“…In previous EM studies in equine skeletal muscles, similar observations of ultrastructural cell changes have been reported in response to intense exercise tests (12,24). McCutcheon and colleagues (24) have demonstrated an increased area of mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum after exhaustive exercise in horses.…”