A comparison of the types of sterol found in species of the saprolegniales and leptomitales with those found in some other phycomycetes

McCorkindale, N.J.; Hutchinson, S.A.; Pursey, B.A.; Scott, Winifred; Wheeler, Robert W.

doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(00)85874-4

Cited by 79 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Consistent with the early suggestion that oomycetes should be grouped with brown algae rather than with true fungi on the basis of their sterol composition (13), the plasma membranes and DRMs from S. monoica were devoid of ergosterol and the corresponding unsaturated derivatives, which are the major sterols of true fungi and products of the lanosterol pathway (46,72). None of the ⌬ 5 -sterols that are major sterols in DRMs from higher plants, such as sitosterol and stigmasterol (6,39,49), were present in detectable amounts in the purified DRMs from S. monoica.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Fucosterol was the major sterol (ϳ50%), followed by 24-methylenecholesterol (ϳ34%), the unidentified sterol (ϳ12%), and cholesterol (ϳ1%). An early study on various oomycete species demonstrated the occurrence of comparable proportions of fucosterol, 24-methylenecholesterol, and cholesterol in the total mycelium of the Leptomitales Apodachlyella completa (46). In addition, similarly to S. monoica, A. completa did not contain any detectable amount of desmosterol (46), which is the direct unsaturated precursor of cholesterol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, none of the Saprolegniales analyzed in the pioneering work of McCorkindale et al (46) exhibited a sterol composition similar to that of S. monoica. In particular, the mycelium of other Saprolegniales contained up to nearly 75% of either 24-methylenecholesterol or cholesterol (46). These significant differences might be the result of a spontaneous adaptation of different oomycete species to different environments and/or reflect phylogenetic evolution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cell Wall Polysaccharide Synthases Are Located in Detergent-Resistant Membrane Microdomains in Oomycetes

Briolay

Bouzenzana

Guichardant

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cell Wall Polysaccharide Synthases Are Located in Detergent-Resistant Membrane Microdomains in Oomycetes

Briolay

Bouzenzana

Guichardant

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…1), based on their having coenocytic mycelia and double-walled oospores. The Oomycetes may be divided into 2 groups -those which synthesize sterols and those which do not (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). While sterols are not obligatory for the growth of all the Oomycetes, both groups require sterols for sexual reproduction (oospore production).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis and Requirement for Sterols in the Growth and Reproduction of Oomycetes

Nes

1987

ACS Symposium Series

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All Oomycetes fungi possess an obligatory requirement for sterols to complete the sexual stage of their life cycle. Growth is mediated by sterol and in the non-sterol synthesizing Oomycetes additionally by "sterol-like" pen tacyclic and tetracyclic triterpenoids. The structural features and levels which are determinant for bioregulator activity differ amongst the fungi. Herein the bio synthesis and sterol function(s) which operate to control growth are examined and compared with the involvement of sterol in reproduction.

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“…In the metabolism studies, to verify structure identities and quantities, two additional packed columns were used-i.e., 1% XE-60 and 1% SP-1000 (Alitech Associates, Deerfield, IL, and Supelco, Bellefonte, PA, respectively)-which were operated at 200 and 2550C, respectively. In some cases either 100 ,ug of stigmasterol [retention time relative to cholesterol (RRT) 1 (5,(34)(35)(36) or presumably are formed by metabolism of some appropriate 4,4,14-trimethylsterol precursor (5,36). However, the identification in these cases was not supported by the use of radiolabeled acetate, mevalonate, squalene, or lanosterol (8-10, 27, 28).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for metabolic and functional discrimination of sterols by Phytophthora cactorum

Nes

Stafford

1983

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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When fed 10 ppm of one of the following sterols: cholesterol (cholest-5-en-3l-ol), wingsterol (21-isopentylcholesterol), desmosterol [cholesta-5,24(25)-dien-3l-ol], 24-methylenecholesterol [ergosta-5,24(28)-dien-3,-ol], or fucosterol [stigmasta-5,24(28)-dien-3.&ol], the pathogenic fungus Phytophthora cactorum, which is naturally unable to epoxidize squalene, accumulated each of the test compounds to similar levels. Fucosterol, the only sterol metabolized, was reduced to yield 24-ethylcholesterol. All the sterols tested induced the formation of sex structures. Fertilization and subsequent maturation of oospores capable of germination occurred only with the naturally occurring sterols. Wingsterol treatments resulted in aborted oospores. None of the sterols tested was inhibitory to growth, measured as changes in the 21-day mycelial dry weight. The results are consistent with the view that the accumulated sterol functions to regulate the life cycle of P. cactorum. However, the metabolism and kinds of recognition of the sterol molecule, in terms of uptake and effects on growth and induction of the various sexual events, contrast sharply with what is known for other oomycetous fungi such as Achlya and Saprolegnia. This implies that the evolutionary histories of the Oomycetes may be different.The occurrence, biosynthesis, and metabolism of sterols has been studied in numerous oomycetous fungi [orders Saprolegniales (1-3), Leptomitales (1), Lagenidiales (4), and Peronosporales (5-10)]. The physiological roles of sterols and other polycyclic isopentenoids in effecting growth and reproduction have also been the subject of much investigation (11)(12)(13)(14).Phytophthora cactorum (order Peronosporales, family Pythiaceae) is a soil-borne pathogen of higher plants-e.g., fruit trees (15)-which, unlike many of the other oomycetous fungi, lacks sterol synthetic capabilities (6)(7)(8)(9)(10). This deficiency has resulted in a heterotrophic requirement for naturally occurring host sterols to stimulate vegetative growth and an auxotrophic requirement for these sterols to produce functional oospores-i. e., oospores capable of germination. Although P. cactorum displays an enzymic preference to metabolize certain nuclear B-ring unsaturated (16), but not saturated (17), sterols to A5 sterols and a strict sterol requirement for oospore production (18,19), the selectivity for sterols in terms of initial uptake (20), accumulation into logarithmic-phase cultures (17), and derivatization to esters (13, 21) and glycosides (13,21), and their effects on growth response (17,22) (HPLC) and other uses were purchased from MCB Labs. TLC plates were from Analtech (adsorption TLC) and Whatman (reversed-phase TLC). Aluminum oxide (neutral) was from ICN.Culture and Growth Conditions. P. cactorum, strain 51-22, was provided by R. Berman (University of California, Berkeley). The fungus was maintained on supplemented agar plates (27, 28) or cultured on a nonbuffered, liquid (sterol-free) synthetic medium (17). Four types of experimental cultu...

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A comparison of the types of sterol found in species of the saprolegniales and leptomitales with those found in some other phycomycetes

Cited by 79 publications

References 17 publications

Cell Wall Polysaccharide Synthases Are Located in Detergent-Resistant Membrane Microdomains in Oomycetes

Cell Wall Polysaccharide Synthases Are Located in Detergent-Resistant Membrane Microdomains in Oomycetes

Biosynthesis and Requirement for Sterols in the Growth and Reproduction of Oomycetes

Evidence for metabolic and functional discrimination of sterols by Phytophthora cactorum

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