A comparison of the remineralizing potential of dental restorative materials by analyzing their fluoride release profiles

Abstract

Background. The accessibility of the remineralizing ions in teeth's environment is essential for their incorporation into caries-affected dentin. Novel bioglass-reinforced materials capable of releasing fluoride, calcium and phosphates may be particularly useful in the tissue remineralization process. A novel restorative material, ACTIVA BioActive-Restorative (Pulpdent Corp., Watertown, USA), is a hydrophilic resin-modified glassionomer cement (RMGIC) enriched with bioglass particles and fortified with a patented rubberized polymer resin. Its application in restorative dentistry may be significant, promoting remineralization of carious lesions. Objectives. The aim of the study was to compare the fluoride ion release profiles from a bioglass-reinforced RMGIC, a conventional glass-ionomer cement (GIC) and a nanohybrid restorative polymer resin. Material and methods. The quantity of fluoride ions released from ACTIVA, Ketac Molar Quick Aplicap and Tetric EvoCeram was assessed using a fluoride-specific electrode. The surface characteristics of the preand post-experimental specimens were studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and confocal microscope. An X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis was additionally used to examine the chemical compositions of the dental materials. Results. The greatest quantity of fluoride ions was freed from the GIC specimens (20.698-54. 118 ppm), followed by the bioglass-reinforced RMGIC (from 1.236 to 15.552 ppm) and nanohybrid polymer resin (0.370-1. 148 ppm). The pre-experimental specimens of the bioglass-reinforced RMGIC were porous, while the post-experimental specimens were smoother with visible micro-cracks. The XRD analysis of the bioglass particles confirmed that the material was composed mainly of fluoride (27.70 mass%), silicon (15.62 mass%), aluminum (5.91 mass%), and calcium (5.40 mass%). Conclusions. The fluoride ion release profile of ACTIVA was lower than the GIC Keta Molar Quick Aplicap, but significantly higher than the nanohybrid restorative polymer resin Tetric EvoCeram.

Bio-Inductive Materials in Direct and Indirect Pulp Capping—A Review Article

“…ACTIVA BioACTIVE-BASE/LINER (Pulpdent, USA) was launched in 2014 claiming the strength, aesthetics and physical properties of composites and increased release and recharge of calcium, phosphate and fluoride in comparison with glassionomer (GI). On the other hand, it has been proven that the fluoride ion release of ACTIVA is lower than that of the conventional GI (Keta Molar Quick Aplicap, 3M ESPE, Saint Paul, MN, USA) and also than that of RMGI cement (VitremerTM, 3M-ESPE, Saint Paul, MN, USA) [130,131]. The results indicate the ACTIVA BioACTIVE does uptake fluoride and re-release it, which could offer decreased incidence of secondary caries.…”

Inhibition of root dentin demineralization by ion releasing cements

“…However, the pore density was much lower than observed within a reference glass ionomer material. 15 The water sorption of Activa Bioactive Restorative was also about half that of a reference RMGI material. 16 THE is a self-adhesive resin cement with calcium silicate additives.…”

“…8 Most studies have reported significantly less fluoride released from this material than reference glass ionomer or RMGI materials. [13][14][15][16][17] A recent article stated that Bioactive Restorative. However, the pore density was much lower than observed within a reference glass ionomer material.…”

“…Aside from hydroxyapatite deposition, bioactive cements have also been credited with releasing ions that may help prevent demineralization of surrounding tooth structure. Some of these cements have been reported to release fluoride, calcium or both 14‐17 . Aside from the proven ion release, there has been little evidence that these materials prevent secondary caries at crown margins.…”

“…Some of these cements have been reported to release fluoride, calcium or both. [14][15][16][17] Aside from the proven ion release, there has been little evidence that these materials prevent secondary caries at crown margins. One study reported that a calcium aluminate containing cement was able to remineralize surrounding dentin.…”