A comparison of the rate of refractive growth in pediatric aphakic and pseudophakic eyes 1 1No author has a financial interest in the subject matter of the manuscript. No author has a financial interest in the Pediatric IOL Calculator. 2 2The opinions expressed in this paper are solely those of the authors, and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of the Defense, or the US Government.

McClatchey, Scott K.; Dahan, Elie; Maselli, E; Gimbel, Howard V.; Wilson, M. Edward; Lambert, Scott R.; Buckley, Edward G.; Freedman, Sharon F.; Plager, David A.; Parks, Marshall M.

doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(99)00033-0

Cited by 96 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…McClatchey et al 5 reported a small effect of age on the rate of refractive growth when cataract surgery was performed in children younger than 6 months but no effect after 6 months of age. Whitmer et al 14 reported that the RRG3 was not significantly correlated with younger age at the time of cataract surgery (<6 months versus ≥6 months) in aphakic or pseudophakic eyes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because serial globe axial length data might not be available in clinical practice, McClatchey et al 5 developed a logarithmic formula to calculate the rate of refractive growth (RRG) and eliminate the confounding effects of the corrective lens position and power. The RRG3 formula was designed to be used in children of all ages (including infants), and it can predict refractive changes.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the rate of refractive growth in aphakic eyes versus pseudophakic eyes in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study

Lambert¹,

Cotsonis²,

DuBois³

et al. 2016

Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery

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PURPOSE To compare the rate of refractive growth between aphakic eyes and pseudophakic eyes in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS). SETTING Twelve clinical sites across the United States. DESIGN Randomized clinical trial. METHODS Patients randomized to unilateral cataract extraction with contact lens correction versus intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in the IATS had their rate of refractive growth (RRG3) calculated based on the change in refraction from the 1-month postoperative examination to age 5 years. The RRG3 is a logarithmic formula designed to calculate the rate of refractive growth in children. Two-group t tests were used to compare the mean refractive growth between the contact lens group and IOL group and outcomes based on age at surgery and visual acuity. RESULTS Longitudinal refractive data were studied for 108 of 114 patients enrolled in the IATS (contact lens group, n = 54; IOL group, n = 54). The mean RRG3 was similar in the contact lens group (−18.0 diopter [D] ± 11.0 [SD]) and the IOL group (−19.0 ± 9.0 D) (P = .49). The RRG3 value was not correlated with age at cataract surgery, glaucoma status, or visual outcome in the IOL group. In the aphakia group, only visual outcome was correlated with refractive growth (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS Infants’ eyes had a similar rate of refractive growth after unilateral cataract surgery whether or not an IOL was implanted. A worse visual outcome was associated with a higher rate of refractive growth in aphakic, but not pseudophakic, eyes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the rate of refractive growth in aphakic eyes versus pseudophakic eyes in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study

Lambert¹,

Cotsonis²,

DuBois³

et al. 2016

Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery

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“…The total refraction of whole eye is balanced by the increasing axial length and decreasing power of the crystalline lens and cornea, and finally maintains at or near emmetropia throughout the entire lifetime [8]. However, the development of AL can be affected by defocus or deprivation [9]. On the other hand, the AL of patients with EL also can be influenced by genetic mutation like fibrillin-1 (FBN1) [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of axial length in Chinese congenital ectopia lentis patients: a retrospective study

et al. 2017

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BackgroundCongenital ectopia lentis (CEL) usually leads to refractive error and may influence the axial length development. But few investigations have reported patient demographics and the distribution of axial length (AL) before surgery in Chinese pediatric patients with CEL. To describe the distribution of AL before surgery in CEL patients and its relationship with patients’ demographics, such as age, Marfan syndrome, sex, and laterality.MethodsThis retrospective study reviewed 306 CEL patients from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2015. One eye was randomly selected from each patient if both eyes were EL. The influences of Marfan syndrome, sex, and laterality to AL in different age subgroups were evaluated and compared. The differences of the AL between groups were assessed using the student t test or paired t-test. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsTwo hundred forty-seven eyes were enrolled. 58.3% of all the patients had binoculus EL, 70% of all the patients were male and 36% of all the patients were diagnosed with Marfan syndrome. The mean AL of EL patients was 25.1 ± 2.5 mm. There was no statistical difference in the AL between patients with and without Marfan syndrome, and in the AL between male and female patients. There was statistical difference in AL between the EL-affected eye and the unaffected eye in monocular EL patients younger than 12 years old.ConclusionsThis study suggests that AL can be influenced by CEL, but the influence of CEL may be reduced after the age of 12 years old, which will likely provide a useful reference when considering the most appropriate time of surgery.

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“…3–11 Additionally, by the time the postoperative refraction is obtained, rapid growth of an infant’s eye may result in a myopic shift from the predicted postoperative refraction calculated at the time of surgery. 12,13 The Haigis, Hoffer Q, and Holladay formulae have been found to give the lowest prediction error in pediatric or short eyes with a globe AL of less than 22 mm, 14–17 but most studies have very few extremely short eyes (AL <20 mm) for analysis.…”

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Predictability of Intraocular Lens Power Calculation Formulae in Infantile Eyes With Unilateral Congenital Cataract: Results from the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study

VanderVeen

Trivedi

Nizam

et al. 2013

American Journal of Ophthalmology

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PURPOSE To compare accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulae in infantile eyes with primary IOL implantation. DESIGN Comparative case series. METHODS The Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, Holladay 2, Sanders-Retzlaff-Kraff (SRK) II, and Sanders-Retzlaff-Kraff theoretic (SRK/T) formulae were used to calculate predicted postoperative refraction for eyes that received primary IOL implantation in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study. The protocol targeted postoperative hyperopia of +6.0 or +8.0 diopters (D). Eyes were excluded for invalid biometry, lack of refractive data at the specified postoperative visit, diagnosis of glaucoma or suspected glaucoma, or sulcus IOL placement. Actual refraction 1 month after surgery was converted to spherical equivalent and prediction error (predicted refraction – actual refraction) was calculated. Baseline characteristics were analyzed for effect on prediction error for each formula. The main outcome measure was absolute prediction error. RESULTS Forty-three eyes were studied; mean axial length was 18.1 ± 1.1 mm (in 23 eyes, it was <18.0 mm). Average age at surgery was 2.5 ± 1.5 months. Holladay 1 showed the lowest median absolute prediction error (1.2 D); a paired comparison of medians showed clinically similar results using the Holladay 1 and SRK/T formulae (median difference, 0.3 D). Comparison of the mean absolute prediction error showed the lowest values using the SRK/T formula (1.4 ± 1.1 D), followed by the Holladay 1 formula (1.7 ± 1.3 D). Calculations with an optimized constant showed the lowest values and no significant difference between the Holladay 1 and SRK/T formulae (median difference, 0.3 D). Eyes with globe AL of less than 18 mm had the largest mean and median prediction error and absolute prediction error, regardless of the formula used. CONCLUSIONS The Holladay 1 and SRK/T formulae gave equally good results and had the best predictive value for infant eyes.

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Cited by 96 publications

References 16 publications

Comparison of the rate of refractive growth in aphakic eyes versus pseudophakic eyes in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study

Comparison of the rate of refractive growth in aphakic eyes versus pseudophakic eyes in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study

Distribution of axial length in Chinese congenital ectopia lentis patients: a retrospective study

Predictability of Intraocular Lens Power Calculation Formulae in Infantile Eyes With Unilateral Congenital Cataract: Results from the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study

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