A Comparison of the Properties of Different Reinforcers

Hogan, Jerry A.; Roper, T. J.

doi:10.1016/s0065-3454(08)60134-5

Cited by 121 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 255 publications

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“…This issue is complicated further by the physiology of thirst. For instance, when water is not available, animals reduce their food intake also, which in turn diminishes their need for water (Hogan & Roper, 1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivational mechanisms and schedule-induced behavioral stereotypy

Papadouka

Matthews

1995

Animal Learning & Behavior

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivational mechanisms and schedule-induced behavioral stereotypy

Papadouka

Matthews

1995

Animal Learning & Behavior

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“…Hogan, Kleist, and Hutchings (1970). See Hogan and Roper (1978) for a recent review of many similar results.…”

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confidence: 93%

Adaptive Behavior and Learning

Staddon

2016

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Every day at about 4:30, Jazz, a Hungarian Vizsla dog, leaps up on the sofa and looks out for his owner who always comes home at 5:00. He doesn't need an internal clock because he has an acute sense of smell that allows him to measure how long his master has been absent. Explaining complex behavior in simple ways, this book is a fascinating exploration of the evolution, development and processes of learning in animals. Now in its second edition, there is increased emphasis on development, evolution and dynamics; new accounts of taxic orientation, reflex induction, habituation and operant learning in organisms; more discussion of spatial learning and the processes underlying it; expanded chapters on choice and completely new chapters on molar laws, classical conditioning theories and comparative cognition. J. E. R. Staddon provides a definitive summary of contemporary theoretical understanding suitable for graduates and advanced undergraduates.

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“…In contrast, in a closed economy the subject must obtain its entire daily intake under the conditions of the schedule. Demand is therefore inelastic, and compensatory reactions 35 1987,48, NUMBER 1 (JULY) determine responding; the more frequent and larger each reward, the less responding is required for survival (e.g., Hogan & Roper, 1978).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…First, some data already show both direct and inverse relations between responding and reward density within the same type of feeding economy (e.g., Allison, 1981;Atnip, 1986;Baum, 1981;Brandauer, 1958;Green, Kagel, & Battalio, 1982Hanson & Timberlake, 1983;Hogan & Roper, 1978;Hursh, 1984;Peden & Timberlake, 1984;Staddon, 1979;Timberlake, 1977Timberlake, , 1980. Second, open and closed economies usually differ in terms of a number of dimensions in addition to supplemental feeding and the relation between responding and intake.…”

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confidence: 99%

On the Distinction Between Open and Closed Economies

Timberlake

Peden

1987

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Open and closed economies have been assumed to produce opposite relations between responding and the programmed density of reward (the amount of reward divided by its cost). Experimental procedures that are treated as open economies typically dissociate responding and total reward by providing supplemental income outside the experimental session; procedures construed as closed economies do not. In an open economy responding is assumed to be directly related to reward density, whereas in a closed economy responding is assumed to be inversely related to reward density. In contrast to this predicted correlation between response-reward relations and type of economy, behavior regulation theory predicts both direct and inverse relations in both open and closed economies. Specifically, responding should be a bitonic function of reward density regardless of the type of economy and is dependent only on the ratio of the schedule terms rather than on their absolute size. These predictions were tested by four experiments in which pigeons' key pecking produced food on fixed-ratio and variable-interval schedules over a range of reward magnitudes and under several open-and closedeconomy procedures. The results better supported the behavior regulation view by showing a general bitonic function between key pecking and food density in all conditions. In most cases, the absolute size of the schedule requirement and the magnitude of reward had no effect; equal ratios of these terms produced approximately equal responding.

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A Comparison of the Properties of Different Reinforcers

Cited by 121 publications

References 255 publications

Motivational mechanisms and schedule-induced behavioral stereotypy

Motivational mechanisms and schedule-induced behavioral stereotypy

Adaptive Behavior and Learning

On the Distinction Between Open and Closed Economies

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