A comparison of the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic diseases amongst Pakistanis living in England and Pakistan.

Hameed, Kamran; Gibson, T.

doi:10.1093/rheumatology/36.7.781

Cited by 34 publications

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“…Despite this diversity, we did not see any clear cut gradient in disease severity from northern to southern Europe. Our results, therefore, do not sustain the notion of a mild phenotype of RA in Mediterranean countries22 23 compared with a more severe one in northern Europe,24 though it is possible that our family collection was not big enough to identify this difference.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 91%

Clinical and immunogenetic characteristics of European multicase rheumatoid arthritis families

Balsa

2001

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

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Objective-To describe the characteristics of a new set of European families with aVected sib pairs (ASP) collected by the European Consortium on Rheumatoid Arthritis Families (ECRAF) to replicate the results of our first genome scan. Potential gradients for disease severity in Europe and concordance within families were studied. Patients and methods-From 1996 to 1998 European white families with at least two aVected siblings were enrolled in the study. Demographic (sex, age at onset), clinical data (rheumatoid factor (RF), disease duration, erosive disease, extraarticular features (EF)), and HLA-DRB1 oligotyping were analysed. Results-565 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), belonging to 271 families including 319 aVected sib pairs (ASP) were collected. Belgium, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain contributed 20, 96, 52, 24, 9, and 70 families, respectively. Sex (78% women), age at onset (mean 44 years), and RF positivity (79%) were similar among the countries. DiVerences were found in disease duration (11-18 years) and in the prevalence of erosive disease (70-93%), nodules (15-44%), subjective Sjögren's syndrome (5-38%), and EF (3-16%) (p<0.05 in all cases). A total of 22% RA sibs were shared epitope (SE) negative, whereas 47% and 30% carried one and two SE alleles respectively. Carriage of SE diVered widely among countries (p<0.0001): no SE alleles (6-36%), one allele (43-60%), and two alleles (20-39%). SE encoding alleles were mainly DRB1*04 in the Netherlands and Belgium, whereas SE carriage was less common and evenly distributed between DRB1*01, *04, and *10 in Mediterranean countries. No concordance within families was found either in age/calendar year of onset (intraclass correlation coefficient <0.50) or in clinical and radiological features ( <0.22). Conclusions-The diVerences in RA characteristics between European countries and within families underline the heterogeneity of the disease. No clear cut gradient of disease severity was seen in Europe.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 91%

Clinical and immunogenetic characteristics of European multicase rheumatoid arthritis families

Balsa

2001

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

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“…14 The profile of pain appears to differ between south Asian and white populations within the UK, 15 and the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms is higher among Pakistanis living in the UK than among those who live in Pakistan. 16 However, there has been little research specifically directed towards musculoskeletal epidemiology among ethnic minorities within the UK. We aimed at studying the musculoskeletal health needs of the largest ethnic minority communities in Greater Manchester and this paper presents the findings of the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms.…”

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confidence: 99%

Musculoskeletal pain is more generalised among people from ethnic minorities than among white people in Greater Manchester

Allison

2002

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

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Objective: To assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among the major ethnic minority populations of Greater Manchester. Method: The study group was a community sample of 2117 adults from the Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, and African Caribbean communities. Questionnaires administered by post and by an interviewer were used to assess the presence of any musculoskeletal pain, pain in specific joints, and the level of physical function. Ethnicity was self assigned. The results were compared with those from a recent study in the local white population using the same methodology. Results: Overall response rate was 75% among the south Asian (Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi) community and 47% among the African Caribbean community. The profile of musculoskeletal pain among the ethnic minority groups differed from that in the white population. Although musculoskeletal symptoms were slightly more prevalent among people from ethnic minority groups than among the white population, pain in multiple sites was considerably more common among ethnic minorities. Conclusions: The finding that musculoskeletal pain is more widespread among ethnic minority communities in the UK has not previously been reported. This may reflect social, cultural, and psychological differences. The cause of the differences in the profile of pain and the health needs that follow need further investigation.

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“…Both genetic and environmental factors may be involved here. According to one study, Pakistanis living in the UK had a higher prevalence than those living in Pakistan, but not as high as the prevalence in the ethnic British population (58). Recently, regional differences in the incidence of RA were observed in the genetically homogenous Finnish population (59).…”

Section: Descriptive Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis

Aho¹,

Heliövaara²

2004

Annals of Medicine

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Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A long-term latent process often precedes the onset of arthritis. Hence, the ultimate causes of RA cannot be clarified by studying only the inflamed joints. Longitudinal studies focusing on risk factors are crucial in approaching the true aetiology. At present, most information gained from epidemiological studies is contradictory or vague. For instance, there is no consensus concerning the long-term effects of pregnancy or the putative protective role of oral contraceptives. There is no doubt that diet plays a role, but no specific nutrient has proved to be either protective or deleterious. Smoking is the only environmental risk factor that has been firmly verified epidemiologically for RA. It can be reasonably regarded as a contributory cause of RA. Studying the immunological effects of exposure to cigarette smoke may offer an opportunity to combine information from basic and epidemiological research to clarify the causal chains leading to RA.

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A comparison of the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic diseases amongst Pakistanis living in England and Pakistan.

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Clinical and immunogenetic characteristics of European multicase rheumatoid arthritis families

Clinical and immunogenetic characteristics of European multicase rheumatoid arthritis families

Musculoskeletal pain is more generalised among people from ethnic minorities than among white people in Greater Manchester

Risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis

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