A Comparison of the Migration of ‘Spiked’ and ‘Intrinsic’ Substances from Paper and Board into Raisins and into Tenax as a Food Simulant

Abstract

Four samples of paper and board (P/B) of a type used for packaging dry foods were subjected to migration experiments using raisins and the polymeric powder Tenax as a food simulant. The P/B samples contained only low levels of diisopropylnaphthalene (DiPN) and diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), and so, experiments were also conducted after spiking the P/B with added model substances. These were o-xylene, acetophenone, dodecane, benzophenone, DiPN and DiBP. Migration experiments into raisins and Tenax were conducted for 10 days at 40°C. Migration levels depended strongly on the nature of the substance. Migration from spiked P/B samples was more extensive (as a percentage of that available) than migration of intrinsic migratable substances, and so, studying spiked samples tends to be conservative. It is considered likely that this is because of binding of substances, especially aromatics with pi-electrons such as DiPN and DiBP, to active sites on the surface of P/B fibres, resulting in non-linear absorption isotherms. However, further work would be needed to prove this conclusively. Considering the results overall and also that raisins packed in P/B can have a shelf life of up to 1 year at ambient temperatures, the test results using Tenax as a food simulant are considered to be appropriate without application of a correction factor.

Functional Barrier Performance of a Polyamide-6 Membrane Towards n -Alkanes and 1-Alcohols

“…Therefore MOSH and MOAH can be found in (nearly) every cardboard packaging material which has been manufactured by use of a certain amount of recycled fibres . Also compounds from printing inks had been found in cardboard packaging materials, from which they can migrate into food or food simulants . The use of functional barriers seem to be a practical way to reduce the contamination of MOSH, MOAH and other contaminants in cardboard packed food.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Also compounds from printing inks had been found in cardboard packaging materials, from which they can migrate into food or food simulants. [8][9][10] The use of functional barriers seem to be a practical way to reduce the contamination of MOSH, MOAH and other contaminants in cardboard packed food. Therefore the barrier performance of various packaging films has been investigated recently.…”

The Use of Tenax® as a Simulant for the Migration of Contaminants in Dry Foodstuffs: A Review

“…Migration levels in Tenax® depended strongly on the nature of the substance but showed that migration from spiked cardboard was more extensive than migration from contaminated cardboard. It is considered likely that this is because of binding substances present in contaminated cardboard, especially aromatics with pi‐electrons such as DiPN and DiBP, to active sites on the surface of carboardfibres . In this study, Tenax® was found to be an appropriate simulant for the simulation of migration towards raisins …”

“…In 2014, Bradley et al subjected four paper and board samples to migration experiments for DiBP, oX, AP, C10, BP, DiPN and DiBP. Both spiked and unspiked samples were brought into contact with Tenax® for 10 days at 40°C . Migration levels in Tenax® depended strongly on the nature of the substance but showed that migration from spiked cardboard was more extensive than migration from contaminated cardboard.…”

Use of Tenax® films to demonstrate the migration of chemical contaminants from cardboard into dry food

“…Hence, two phthalates (BBP and DBP) and six photo-initiators (BP, DMPA, EDB, ITX, MBP and PBZ) were selected. Futhermore, the following contaminants were also frequently studied: AP, DBS, DiPN, DPBD, DTBP, MS and NPT (Aurela et al, 2001;Bradely et al, 2014 and2015;Isella et al, 2013;Nérin et al, 2007b;Poças et al, 2011;Sanches Silva et al, 2006 andTriantafyllou et al, 2007).…”