A comparison of the impact of physical exercise, cognitive training and combined intervention on spontaneous walking speed in older adults

Kristell, Pothier; Gagnon, Christine; Fraser, Sarah; Lussier, Maxime; Desjardins-Crépeau, Laurence; Berryman, Nicolas; Kergoat, Marie‐Jeanne; Vu, Thien Tuong Minh; Li, Karen; Bosquet, Laurent; Bherer, Louis

doi:10.1007/s40520-017-0878-5

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Across an array of cognitive and physical outcome measures, including CMDT gait and balance, the first three training formats yielded equivalent benefits, suggesting the absence of synergistic benefits with combined training. Similarly, cognitive training showed equivalent benefits to aerobic exercise on spontaneous walking speed ( 127 ). Using similar training tasks (aerobic cycling, computerized DT training), subsequent research with healthy older adults has examined whether delivery format (sequential versus simultaneous) yields differential benefits to CMDT.…”

Section: Cognitive Enhancementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Involvement in Balance, Gait and Dual-Tasking in Aging: A Focused Review From a Neuroscience of Aging Perspective

et al. 2018

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A substantial corpus of evidence suggests that the cognitive involvement in postural control and gait increases with aging. A large portion of such studies were based on dual-task experimental designs, which typically use the simultaneous performance of a motor task (e.g., static or dynamic balancing, walking) and a continuous cognitive task (e.g., mental arithmetic, tone detection). This focused review takes a cognitive neuroscience of aging perspective in interpreting cognitive motor dual-task findings. Specifically, we consider the importance of identifying the neural circuits that are engaged by the cognitive task in relation to those that are engaged during motor task performance. Following the principle of neural overlap, dual-task interference should be greatest when the cognitive and motor tasks engage the same neural circuits. Moreover, the literature on brain aging in general, and models of dedifferentiation and compensation, in particular, suggest that in cognitive motor dual-task performance, the cognitive task engages different neural substrates in young as compared to older adults. Also considered is the concept of multisensory aging, and the degree to which the age-related decline of other systems (e.g., vision, hearing) contribute to cognitive load. Finally, we discuss recent work on focused cognitive training, exercise and multimodal training of older adults and their effects on postural and gait outcomes. In keeping with the principle of neural overlap, the available cognitive training research suggests that targeting processes such as dividing attention and inhibition lead to improved balance and gait in older adults. However, more studies are needed that include functional neuroimaging during actual, upright performance of gait and balance tasks, in order to directly test the principle of neural overlap, and to better optimize the design of intervention studies to improve gait and posture.

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Section: Cognitive Enhancementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Involvement in Balance, Gait and Dual-Tasking in Aging: A Focused Review From a Neuroscience of Aging Perspective

et al. 2018

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“…The exclusion criteria were as follows: The study included more interventions than just a physical activity apart from the exergames or cybercycling [ 9 , 15 , 41 , 42 ]. The subjects were of different age range [ 19 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• The study included more interventions than just a physical activity apart from the exergames or cybercycling [9,15,41,42].…”

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confidence: 99%

The Impact of Physical Activities on Cognitive Performance among Healthy Older Individuals

Klímová

Dostálová

2020

Brain Sciences

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The population is aging in developed countries. This aging process results in many changes, both physical and mental. Over the years, there has been a gradual decline in the level of cognitive functions closely related to the ageing process, which is most often connected with ageing diseases such as dementia. So far, pharmacological treatment has not yet been able to cure this neurological disorder. Health policies around the world seek to find alternative programs and strategies to help a healthy population prevent cognitive decline and prolong active life. One such strategy appears to be physical activity. The aim of this review is to discuss the impact of physical activity on cognitive performance among healthy older individuals. The methodology of this study is based on a systematic electronic literature search of available studies found in three databases: PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. The findings suggest that any physical activity in older age seems to have a positive impact on the improvement of cognitive function. Furthermore, it appears that dancing, due to its multiple mechanisms, might have the biggest effect on the enhancement of cognitive performance in healthy older individuals. However, controlled clinical trials of physical activity intervention in older adults are rare. Therefore, further research in this area (particularly on the amount of physical activity, its intensity and type) is needed.

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“…Inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility are intrinsically essential to meet the changing demands. Hence, investigating the impact of an enhanced cognitively challenging physical activity or an enhanced cognitive training with real motor demands (i.e., combined multi-domain interventions [54][55]) offers promising research opportunities. Let us keep in mind that human beings have not evolved for alighting or resting but for moving [56]; movement is cognitively vital.…”

Section: The Relevance Of Physical-cognitive Dual-task Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shedding Light on a New Psychology of Movement and Exercise

Deschamps¹

2019

obm icm

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Let's consider the issues of exercise and cognitive function from a different angle, for instance, by moving from a sitting position to standing. Seeing something from different perspectives not only reflects our cognitive flexibility [1] but also has a direct impact on executive performance. Interestingly, some recent studies have reported a smaller Stroop effect when standing than sitting [2-3] or stepping backward [4]. This evidences that body posture enhances selective attention and cognitive control. Through these examples, the assumption presented here is that our daily cognitive functioning is closely linked to our sensorimotor present and vice-versa. Our abilities to move are cognitively vital. Hence a call for a new psychology of movement and, by extension, of exercise emerges [2], with consequences for how to address the role and the effects of movement and exercise on cognitive function.

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A comparison of the impact of physical exercise, cognitive training and combined intervention on spontaneous walking speed in older adults

Abstract: This original study pointed out different tools to prevent functional decline in older people.

Cited by 25 publications

References 19 publications

Cognitive Involvement in Balance, Gait and Dual-Tasking in Aging: A Focused Review From a Neuroscience of Aging Perspective

Cognitive Involvement in Balance, Gait and Dual-Tasking in Aging: A Focused Review From a Neuroscience of Aging Perspective

The Impact of Physical Activities on Cognitive Performance among Healthy Older Individuals

Shedding Light on a New Psychology of Movement and Exercise

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