A comparison of the energy consumption in two passive houses, one with a solar heating system and one with an air–water heat pump

Rekstad, J.; Meir, Michaela; Murtnes, Espen; Dursun, Aylin Maria

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.02.059

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This method for normalisation is not found in the literature review carried out in this study [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. The use of a calibrated energy model has some similarities, but is fundamentally different, as the energy performance is defined by the result from the energy model, not the normalised measured energy use.…”

Section: Dynamic Normalisationmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The static normalisation does not give any instructions regarding how to normalise solar energy, in this case electricity from photovoltaic (PV) panels. To account from deviating solar radiation, monthly generated energy from PV panels are divided with a divisor, E corr,solar , according to Equation (7).…”

Section: Static Normalisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be noted that studies showing a low performance gap have, to some extent, normalised measured energy use. However, none of the studies attempt to normalise measured energy use for both internal and external deviating boundary conditions [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many studies that identify a performance gap between calculated/simulated energy use and actual measured energy use once buildings are in the user phase [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. While some studies show a very large performance gap [5][6][7]13,19], others show a lower performance gap [8,10,20]. Some studies investigate the effect of deviating boundary conditions, such as internal loads and outdoor climate [3,4,11,16,18] and some normalise the measured energy use for some of the deviating boundary conditions with respect to outdoor climate [8,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two Methods for Normalisation of Measured Energy Performance—Testing of a Net-Zero Energy Building in Sweden

Berggren

Wall

2017

Buildings

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An increasing demand for energy-efficient buildings has led to an increasing focus on predicted energy performance once a building is in use. Many studies have identified a performance gap between predicted energy use and actual measured energy use once buildings are in the user phase. However, none of the identified studies normalise measured energy use for both internal and external deviating boundary conditions. This study uses a Net-zero energy building (Net ZEB) building in Sweden to test two different approaches to the normalisation of measured energy use-static and dynamic methods. The normalisation of energy use for a ground source heat pump reduces the performance gap from 12% to 1-5%, depending on the method of normalisation. The normalisation of energy from photovoltaic (PV) panels reduces the performance gap from 17% to 5%, regardless of the method used. The results show that normalisation is important in order to accurately determine the energy performance of buildings. The most important parameters are the indoor temperature and internal loads, which have the largest effect on normalisation in this case study. Furthermore, the case study shows that it is possible to build Net ZEB buildings with existing technologies in a Northern European climate.

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Section: Dynamic Normalisationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Static Normalisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two Methods for Normalisation of Measured Energy Performance—Testing of a Net-Zero Energy Building in Sweden

Berggren

Wall

2017

Buildings

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“…Rekstad et al comparatively investigated one solar heating system and one air-water heat pump system of two passive houses respectively. They found that the passive house with solar heating system showed better energy saving performance, due to less auxiliary energy demand than the other with air-water heat pump systems during the monitoring period in Norway [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Measurement and Evaluation of the Passive and Active Solar Heating Systems for Residential Building Based on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Case

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2017

Energies

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Passive and active solar heating systems have drawn much attention and are widely used in residence buildings in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau due to its high radiation intensity. In fact, there is still lack of quantitative evaluation of the passive and active heating effect, especially for residential building in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau areas. In this study, three kinds of heating strategies, including reference condition, passive solar heating condition and active solar heating condition, were tested in one demonstration residential building. The hourly air temperatures of each room under different conditions were obtained and analyzed. The results show the indoor air temperature in the living room and bedrooms (core zones) was much higher than that of other rooms under both passive and active solar heating conditions. In addition, the heating effect with different strategies for core zones of the building was evaluated by the ratio of indoor and outdoor degree hour, which indicates that solar heating could effectively reduce the traditional energy consumption and improve the indoor thermal environment. The passive solar heating could contribute 49.8% degree hours for heating under an evaluation criterion of 14 • C and the active solar heating could contribute 75% degree hours for heating under evaluation criterion of 18 • C, which indicated that solar heating could effectively reduce the traditional energy consumption and improve the indoor thermal environment in this area. These findings could provide reference for the design and application of solar heating in similar climate areas.

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A certification tool for on‐grid net zero energy consumption buildings

Güğül

Bora²

2022

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Energy efficiency in buildings sector can provide influential solutions to the threats arising from the increase in carbon emissions. Since efficient design of the buildings and equipping them with renewable systems increases the final cost, strategies should be developed to encourage building owners. The first stage of these strategies is certification of these buildings. However, modeling of the buildings equipped with renewable systems is possible with the use of more than one software and requires detailed technical expertise. An easy-to-use software, where all calculations are conducted in a single software, will be useful in the spread of certification processes. For this reason, in this study, an easy-to-use software has been developed that can be used during the certification of zero energy buildings which eliminates the requirement of more than one software. The software makes use of the climate, electricity consumption, building, and renewable system properties data to predict the energy demand and production, and generate zero energy consumption building certificate.The heating demand, photovoltaic (PV) and wind system estimate of the software are verified by using real data and R 2 values are calculated as 0.92, 0.97, and 0.98 respectively. A certificated passive and zero energy consumption building is modeled in the developed software as a case study building and NZEB certificate was awarded to the building by the software. Therefore, in this study, an easy-to-use software is developed and verified to certificate the on-grid zero energy buildings that eliminates requirement of detailed technical knowledge and usage of more than one software.

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A comparison of the energy consumption in two passive houses, one with a solar heating system and one with an air–water heat pump

Cited by 32 publications

References 8 publications

Two Methods for Normalisation of Measured Energy Performance—Testing of a Net-Zero Energy Building in Sweden

Two Methods for Normalisation of Measured Energy Performance—Testing of a Net-Zero Energy Building in Sweden

Field Measurement and Evaluation of the Passive and Active Solar Heating Systems for Residential Building Based on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Case

A certification tool for on‐grid net zero energy consumption buildings

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