A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF l-NOR-EPINEPHRINE, SYNTHETIC l-EPINEPHRINE, AND U.S.P. EPINEPHRINE UPON CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM IN MAN 1

Sensenbach, Willis; Madison, Leonard L.; Ochs, Lamar

doi:10.1172/jci102731

Cited by 76 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Correlation between the initial vascular diameter and its percent change after application of 5 x 10-* and 5 X 10- 1 . mmoles/liter of norepinephrine.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of I-Norepinephrine on the Diameter of Pial Arterioles and Arteries in the Cat

Wahl

Kuschinsky

Bosse

et al. 1972

Circulation Research

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The influence of norepinephrine on the diameter of single pial arteries and arterioles was investigated by adding the drug to the perivascular space with micropipettes. The mock spinal fluid solution in which the norepinephrine was dissolved contained 0, 11, or 22 mEq/liter of bicarbonate. These concentrations of bicarbonate were by themselves found to dilate, cause no change, and constrict the pial vessels, respectively. Concentration-response curves with 11 mEq/liter of bicarbonate over the concentration range of 5 X 1O"* to 5 mmoles/liter of norepinephrine showed significant constriction at 5 X 10~2 mmoles/liter and maximal constriction (40% of diameter) at 2.5 mmoles/liter. In bicarbonate-free solution, the slope of the concentration-response curves was less, and at 22 mEq/liter of bicarbonate norepinephrine had no effect. The pial arteries seemed to be less sensitive than the mesenteric and the cremasteric arteries to norepinephrine. The present data demonstrate the existence of norepinephrine receptors on the pial arterial smooth muscle cells, which satisfies the major requirement for the possible existence of a sympathetic control of cerebral blood flow. KEY WORDS microapplication technique norepinephrine cerebral arteriolar resistance vascular smooth muscle local arteriolar reactions bicarbonate ions• The influence of intravascular injections of norepinephrine (1-6) and the effects of cervical sympathetic nerve stimulation (7-17) have been frequently studied. The results, however,have not yet yielded a clear picture of the role of catecholamines in the control of cerebral blood flow. Several authors (1-3) have observed a decrease in cerebral blood flow following intravenous infusion of norepinephrine. However, this decrease might not be caused by the vasoconstrictor action of the infused norepinephrine on the cerebral vessels, but rather it might be due to the concomitant decrease in arterial CO 2 content during the course of

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“…Correlation between the initial vascular diameter and its percent change after application of 5 x 10-* and 5 X 10- 1 . mmoles/liter of norepinephrine.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…• The influence of intravascular injections of norepinephrine (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6) and the effects of cervical sympathetic nerve stimulation (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) have been frequently studied. The results, however,…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of I-Norepinephrine on the Diameter of Pial Arterioles and Arteries in the Cat

Wahl

Kuschinsky

Bosse

et al. 1972

Circulation Research

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“…Received for publication 29 November 1967 and in revised form 24 February 1968. temic administration of norepinephrine to human subjects is accompanied by either no change or a slight reduction in cerebral blood flow (1)(2)(3)(4). These data have been interpreted as indicating that this drug constricts cerebral vessels directly (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The common carotid artery and proximal portions of both the internal and external carotid arteries were exposed, and the small arterial branches in this area were ligated. The probe of an electromagnetic flowmeter (EMF) 2 was placed around the common carotid artery proximal to its bifurcation. The probe size was selected so that the vessel was not constricted more than was necessary to obtain an adequate flow signal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and angiotensin on blood flow in the internal carotid artery of man

Greenfield¹,

Tindall²

1968

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…After stabilization of regional flow and cortical arterial pressure, the effect on each animal using the 5% CO 2 and air mixture. Cortical flow in the ischemic area was also monitored after elevation of systemic arterial pressure by appropriate quantities of Z-norepinephrine (17).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Changes in Carbon Dioxide Pressure and Arterial Pressure on Blood Flow in Ischemic Regions of the Brain in Dogs

Kogure¹,

Fujishima²,

Scheinberg³

et al. 1969

Circulation Research

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The effect of locally induced cerebral ischemia on regional cerebral blood flow before and during elevation of Paco 2 was measured qualitatively in anesthetized dogs by a thermistor probe technique and a photographic method involving cerebral angiography. The flow response to changes in systemic arterial pressure was also noted in the ischemic zone. Increased Paco 2 resulted in increased flow to the ischemic zone and shrinkage of the area of ischemia, by virtue of collateral circulation from other arterial trunks. In no instance was "intracerebral steal," as previously reported, noted in response to increased Paco 2 , though there was no means of determining if the quantitative response in the ischemic area was similar to that in normal brain. Arteries and arterioles in the ischemic zone were seen to be constricted and irregular, rather than maximally dilated, as has been proposed. The percent decrease in pressure in the occluded arterial segment was much greater than in the patent cerebral arteries. Response to increased Paco 2 occurred even though intraarterial pressures were less than 40 mm Hg. There was preservation of the response to norepinephrine in the ischemic zone, despite reduction in flow; response to changes in Paco 2 persisted even after this had been lost. ADDITIONAL KEY WORDSintracerebral steal syndrome vasomotor paralysis collateral circulation tissue metabolites cerebral vasodilatation luxury perfusion syndrome heated thermistor transducer infrared absorption angiography• The variability and fluctuation of clinical symptoms in patients with occlusive cerebral vascular disease are thought to be related primarily to the extent of compensatory blood flow from the vascular beds surrounding the ischemic area, which eventually determines whether ischemia will be followed by infarction or recovery. It would, therefore, appear reasonable that cerebral vasodilating agents would diminish the area of ischemia by promoting collateral circulation, and this assumption has been the basis for a number of clinical therapeutic efforts (1-7). The lack of This study was supported by U. S. Public Health Service Grant NB 05820 03 and by funds from the Meyer Gold Grant.Received October 14, 1968. Accepted for publication February 6, 1969. conclusive results from these studies is partially due to lack of appropriate controls and to the intrinsic variability of the disease process. The physiologic events occurring in ischemic tissue have not been extensively measured, but occlusion of a major cortical artery has been shown to be followed by decreased flow in the ischemic area by several observers (8-10). showed that the decrease in tissue flow was associated with high Pco 2 , low pH, and low Po 2 in the brain parenchyma, factors which should promote more profound local vasodilatation than could be produced by systemic administration of vasodilating agents. Despite conditions presumed ideal for local vasodilatation, observation of ischemic brain tissue has revealed a great variability in the caliber of the ve...

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A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF l-NOR-EPINEPHRINE, SYNTHETIC l-EPINEPHRINE, AND U.S.P. EPINEPHRINE UPON CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM IN MAN 1

Cited by 76 publications

References 24 publications

Effect of I-Norepinephrine on the Diameter of Pial Arterioles and Arteries in the Cat

Effect of I-Norepinephrine on the Diameter of Pial Arterioles and Arteries in the Cat

Effect of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and angiotensin on blood flow in the internal carotid artery of man

Effects of Changes in Carbon Dioxide Pressure and Arterial Pressure on Blood Flow in Ischemic Regions of the Brain in Dogs

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