A Comparison of the Effects of X-Ray and Dry Heat on Antibody Formation

Murphy, James B.; Sturm, Ernest

doi:10.1084/jem.41.2.245

Cited by 40 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…However, Table 6 indicates that there is a significant decreasing trend of days of acute infection with dose in this dataset, with days of infection / Gy changing by -2.56 (95% CI -4.59, -0.33) (p=0.015), i.e., duration of infection decreasing with dose, as also shown by Figure 3. Table 7 demonstrates that there is a highly significant (p<0.001) increased risk of death associated with X-ray exposure after inoculation with Pneumococcus in the murine data of Murphy and Sturm (12), with RR = 3.67 (95% CI 1.84, 7.61).…”

Section: Irradiation After Inoculationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…and Sturm(12), showing a significant increase in mortality risk associated with radiation exposure, another, that of Lieberman et al(6) showing a significant decrease in risk associated with radiation exposure (albeit driven by a single experimental group), and all other results being non-significant. For pre-inoculation exposure the results are also heterogeneous, with…”

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confidence: 91%

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Pneumonia After Bacterial or Viral Infection Preceded or Followed by Radiation Exposure: A Reanalysis of Older Radiobiologic Data and Implications for Low-Dose Radiation Therapy for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia

Little

Zhang

Dusen

et al. 2021

International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics

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Purpose Currently, there are about 15 ongoing clinical studies on low dose radiotherapy (LDRT) for COVID-19 pneumonia. One of the underlying assumptions is that irradiation of 0.5–1.5 Gy is effective at ameliorating viral pneumonia. We aimed to reanalyze all available experimental radiobiological data to assess evidence for such amelioration. Methods and Materials With standard statistical survival models, and based on a systematic literature review, we re-analyzed thirteen radiobiological animal datasets published in 1937-1973 in which animals (guinea pigs/dogs/cats/rats/mice) received radiation before or after bacterial/viral inoculation, and assessing various health endpoints (mortality/pneumonia morbidity). In most datasets absorbed doses did not exceed 7 Gy. Results For six studies evaluating post-inoculation radiation exposure (more relevant to LDRT for COVID-19 pneumonia) the results are heterogeneous, with one study showing a significant increase ( p <0.001) and another showing a significant decrease ( p <0.001) in mortality associated with radiation exposure. Among the remaining four studies, mortality risk was non-significantly increased in two studies and non-significantly decreased in two others ( p >0.05). For pre-inoculation exposure the results are also heterogeneous, with six (of eight) datasets showing a significant increase ( p <0.01) in mortality risk associated with radiation exposure and the other two showing a significant decrease ( p <0.05) in mortality or pneumonitis morbidity risk. Conclusions These data do not provide support for reductions in morbidity or mortality associated with post-infection radiation exposure. For pre-infection radiation exposure the inconsistency of direction of effect is difficult to interpret. One must be cautious about adducing evidence from such published reports of old animal datasets.

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Section: Irradiation After Inoculationmentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 91%

Pneumonia After Bacterial or Viral Infection Preceded or Followed by Radiation Exposure: A Reanalysis of Older Radiobiologic Data and Implications for Low-Dose Radiation Therapy for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia

Little

Zhang

Dusen

et al. 2021

International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics

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“…This finding should make it possible to compare this type of injury with median lethal doses and other radiation effects. It may be argued that it was the correlation between the radiosensitivity of certain lymphoid cells and the antibody response which was responsible for the de velopment of the concept that lymphoid tissue was the major source of anti body production (53). This concept has been further strengthened by evi dence of antibody production within lymph nodes (54,55) and by tissue culture cells of the lymphoid series (56).…”

Section: Lymphocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Resistance and Infection

Dw¹

1955

Annu. Rev. Microbiol.

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“…Trott et al (2020) pointed out a selective quoting of experimental studies in Dhawan et al (2020), and considered that pathogenesis, disease progression and treatment response in animal models of painful degenerative joint diseases are not necessarily good models for the per-acute interstitial inflammation observed in severe COVID-19 ARDS (Trott et al 2020). It should also be noted that Calabrese and Dhawan (2013) did not cite many papers relevant to effects of pre-or post-inoculation irradiation (Murphy and Sturm 1925;Tanner andMcConchie 1949: Hale andStoner 1954;Quilligan et al 1963;Berlin 1964;Berlin and Cochran 1967;Lundgren et al 1973). Dhawan et al (2020) as well as Calabrese and Dhawan (2013) took into account both studies with viral pneumonia and those with bacterial pneumonia equally as the supportive evidence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there any supportive evidence for low dose radiotherapy for COVID-19 pneumonia?

Salomaa

Bouffler

Atkinson

et al. 2020

International Journal of Radiation Biology

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Since early April 2020, there has been intense debate over proposed clinical use of ionizing radiation to treat life-threatening pneumonia in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. At least twelve relevant papers appeared by 20 May 2020. The radiation dose proposed for clinical trials are a single dose (0.1-1 Gy) or two doses (a few mGy followed by 0.1-0.25 Gy involving a putative adaptive response, or 1-1.5 Gy in two fractions 2-3 days apart). The scientific rationale for such proposed so-called low dose radiotherapy (LDRT) is twofold (note that only doses below 0.1 Gy are considered as low doses in the field of radiation protection, but here we follow the term as conventionally used in the field of radiation oncology). Firstly, the potentially positive observations in human case series and biological studies in rodent models on viral or bacterial pneumonia that were conducted in the pre-antibiotic era. Secondly, the potential anti-inflammatory properties of LDRT, which have been seen when LDRT is applied locally to subacute degenerative joint diseases, mainly in Germany. However, the human and animal studies cited as supportive evidence have significant limitations, and whether LDRT produces anti-inflammatory effects in the inflamed lung or exacerbates ongoing COVID-19 damage remains unclear. Therefore, we conclude that the available scientific evidence does not justify clinical trials of LDRT for COVID-19 pneumonia, with unknown benefit and known mortality risks from radiogenic cancer and circulatory disease. Despite the significant uncertainties in these proposals, some clinical trials are ongoing and planned. This paper gives an overview of current situations surrounding LDRT for COVID-19 pneumonia.

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A Comparison of the Effects of X-Ray and Dry Heat on Antibody Formation

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

Pneumonia After Bacterial or Viral Infection Preceded or Followed by Radiation Exposure: A Reanalysis of Older Radiobiologic Data and Implications for Low-Dose Radiation Therapy for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia

Pneumonia After Bacterial or Viral Infection Preceded or Followed by Radiation Exposure: A Reanalysis of Older Radiobiologic Data and Implications for Low-Dose Radiation Therapy for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia

Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Resistance and Infection

Is there any supportive evidence for low dose radiotherapy for COVID-19 pneumonia?

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