A comparison of the effect of hot stretching on microstructures and properties of polyacrylonitrile and rayon-based carbon fibers

Xiao, H.; Lu, Youming; Zhao, Weizhe; Qin, Xianying

doi:10.1007/s10853-014-8206-3

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Temperatures of 1400 °C and above result in graphitic fibres with less content of nitrogen or hydrogen . Because the highly graphitic carbon fibres is formed by the temperature increase, crystallite thickness size and orientation increases and the interlayer spacing between the single graphene planes are reduced . The enhanced crystal growth is different for the single crystallite dimensions.…”

Section: Process‐structure‐relations and Their Technical Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The crystal growth of the longitudinal crystal size and the overall crystal orientation can further be pronounced by applied stresses or dwell time . In contrast, the crystal thickness has an optimum for crystal growth vs. applied stretching and is less sensitive to crystal growth vs. time .…”

Section: Process‐structure‐relations and Their Technical Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Influence of processing parameters on the properties of carbon fibres – an overview

Jäger

Cherif

Kirsten

et al. 2016

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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Several studies have shown the importance of carbon fibres (CF) for different high technology markets. In recent years, different fibre types with improved properties have been developed for those markets. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) copolymers are the basic raw material (precursor) for these fibres in the predominant case. Improvements of the mechanical fibre properties have mainly been achieved by defect reduction during the manufacturing process. Thus, commercial carbon fibres with tensile strengths up to approx. 7000 MPa are currently available. It can be shown that the strengths can be further increased (in the direction of graphene properties) when the relationship between process conditions and defects due to manufacturing of the fibres is better understood. In this context, novel processes like electron beam crosslinking or UV‐activation have proven to be very promising. The article gives an overview about the current situation in the field of carbon fibres development and particularly shows recent shortcomings with respect to novel applications.

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Section: Process‐structure‐relations and Their Technical Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Process‐structure‐relations and Their Technical Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of processing parameters on the properties of carbon fibres – an overview

Jäger

Cherif

Kirsten

et al. 2016

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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“…In the same way, the parameter p can be deduced through a known e 1 . The relationship between in‐plane modulus and orientation degree was researched for PAN‐GF and R‐GF in our previous study, where the GFs with different orientation degrees were obtained by graphitization under different stretching tensions at a certain heat treatment temperature 15 . Then the in‐plane modulus e 1 and shear modulus g values were calculated using the uniform stress model, which are listed in Table 2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…< cos 2 φ > can be calculated from the X‐ray profile in Azimuth scanning, while the e 1 and g need to be regressed according to the equation, which need a series of carbon fiber samples with different preferred orientation degrees, however, with the same e 1 and g values. This is actually impossible; therefore, the literatures before either took the carbon fibers from a same raw material or a little more reasonably took a series of carbon fibers with different orientation degrees by hot stretching at the same heat treatment temperature assumed that they have the same e 1 and g values 14–16 . Hence a method needs to be developed to measure the e 1 value for a single sample individually.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of carbon fiber structure based on dynamic laser Raman spectroscopy

Sun

Wang

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The in‐plane modulus and inter layer shear modulus are the intrinsic properties determining the carbon fiber's characterization, but could not be gotten for a single sample. With the addition of dynamic Raman spectra, the parameters are obtained from five carbon fibers individually, which interpret perfectly that the Young's modulus and conductivities are not consistent according to the normal views. The mesophase pitch‐based graphitized carbon fiber has thermal conductivity of 635 Wm−1 K−1, much higher than 78 Wm−1 K−1 of the polyacrylonitrile graphitized carbon fiber, even the modulus of the latter is higher than the former. The Young's modulus of polyacrylonitrile carbon fiber and rayon‐based graphitized carbon fiber are 260 and 140 GPa; however, their thermal conductivities are lower than 1.0 Wm−1 K−1. With these two intrinsic properties, the structure of a carbon fiber can be understood clearly, so that the properties can be enhanced accordingly.

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“…High-temperature treatment (HTT) and simultaneous moderate stretching can increase the carbon-fiber tensile strength and tensile modulus through a preferred orientation of carbon crystallites. 9,10 Research 5,[9][10][11][12] has shown that carbon fibers can stretch during high-temperature graphitization. The specific mechanism that underpins this relationship remains unclear but it must be related to a series of complex changes that occur during HTT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-temperature axial stress evolution mechanism of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber

Wang

Ruan

et al. 2020

Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics

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Temperature and stretching are important factors in the high-temperature treatment of carbon fiber. The axial stress during carbon-fiber high-temperature treatment affects its ability to stretch. The high-temperature axial stress evolution mechanism of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber was studied through in situ tension tests, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, elemental analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, thermal expansion coefficient tests, and density methods. The high-temperature axial stress evolution of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber involved three stages: rapid increase, rapid decrease, and relaxation. The highest stress and relaxation temperatures of the polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber were 1600°C and 1950°C, respectively. The main factors that affected the fiber axial stress included carbon-structure rearrangement and the effect of thermal expansion and cold shrinkage on fiber length. During the first stage ( T < 1600°C), carbon-structure rearrangement after nitrogen atom removal increased the fiber axial stress. In the second stage (1600 ⩽ T ⩽ 1950°C), the difference in the thermal expansion of fibers that entered the graphite furnace and the cold shrinkage of fibers that exited the graphite furnace increased gradually, which resulted in a decrease in fiber axial stress by up to 1950°C, where the fiber relaxed and the third stage ( T > 1950°C) began. The difference between expansion and shrinkage increased significantly, which increased fiber relaxation. Carbon fibers with fewer nitrogen atoms and more regular structures had a lower axial stress during high-temperature treatment, but the trend and characteristic temperature remained unchanged. The corresponding fiber high-temperature maximum stretching ratio and axial stress showed opposite trends below 1950°C. The ability to stretch the carbon fiber increased above 1950°C, which differed from the axial stress relaxation.

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A comparison of the effect of hot stretching on microstructures and properties of polyacrylonitrile and rayon-based carbon fibers

Cited by 27 publications

References 31 publications

Influence of processing parameters on the properties of carbon fibres – an overview

Influence of processing parameters on the properties of carbon fibres – an overview

Analysis of carbon fiber structure based on dynamic laser Raman spectroscopy

High-temperature axial stress evolution mechanism of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber

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