A Comparison of the Development of Audiovisual Integration in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Typically Developing Children

Taylor, Natalie Greene; Isaac, Claire L.; Milne, Elizabeth

doi:10.1007/s10803-010-1000-4

Cited by 80 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Smith and Bennetto (38) describe audiovisual speech integration deficits. However, other studies have found that adolescents with ASD catch up to their typically developing peers and that these deficits are ameliorated upon entering adolescence (39,40). Also the terminology of "multisensory integration" is inconsistent (28,41), making the interpretation of results complex.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Self-motion perception in autism is compromised by visual noise but integrated optimally across multiple senses

Zaidel

Goin-Kochel

Angelaki³

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

105

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Perceptual processing in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is marked by superior low-level task performance and inferior complex-task performance. This observation has led to theories of defective integration in ASD of local parts into a global percept. Despite mixed experimental results, this notion maintains widespread influence and has also motivated recent theories of defective multisensory integration in ASD. Impaired ASD performance in tasks involving classic random dot visual motion stimuli, corrupted by noise as a means to manipulate task difficulty, is frequently interpreted to support this notion of global integration deficits. By manipulating task difficulty independently of visual stimulus noise, here we test the hypothesis that heightened sensitivity to noise, rather than integration deficits, may characterize ASD. We found that although perception of visual motion through a cloud of dots was unimpaired without noise, the addition of stimulus noise significantly affected adolescents with ASD, more than controls. Strikingly, individuals with ASD demonstrated intact multisensory (visual-vestibular) integration, even in the presence of noise. Additionally, when vestibular motion was paired with pure visual noise, individuals with ASD demonstrated a different strategy than controls, marked by reduced flexibility. This result could be simulated by using attenuated (less reliable) and inflexible (not experiencedependent) Bayesian priors in ASD. These findings question widespread theories of impaired global and multisensory integration in ASD. Rather, they implicate increased sensitivity to sensory noise and less use of prior knowledge in ASD, suggesting increased reliance on incoming sensory information.autism | multisensory integration | noise | coherence | Bayesian

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Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Self-motion perception in autism is compromised by visual noise but integrated optimally across multiple senses

Zaidel

Goin-Kochel

Angelaki³

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

105

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“…We hypothesized that the McGurk effect would be weaker for individuals with AS, as suggested by several studies (De Gelder et al 1991;Massaro and Bosseler 2003;Williams et al 2004;Mongillo et al 2008-at the time when we designed the experiments, the studies by Keane et al (2010), and Taylor et al (2010), were not available, which would have suggested a null hypothesis). We also studied visual contributions to audiovisual speech perception by measuring lip-reading skills and by registering eye movements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Taylor et al (2010) studied 7-16 yearold children with ASD and found that the youngest of them were poorer at lip-reading and, additionally, displayed a weaker McGurk effect than their controls. However, there was some indication that the ASD children caught up with their control peers as they grew older, with the oldest children becoming more like the controls both in lipreading and the strength of the McGurk effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Audiovisual Speech Perception and Eye Gaze Behavior of Adults with Asperger Syndrome

Saalasti

Kätsyri

Tiippana

et al. 2011

J Autism Dev Disord

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Audiovisual speech perception was studied in adults with Asperger syndrome (AS), by utilizing the McGurk effect, in which conflicting visual articulation alters the perception of heard speech. The AS group perceived the audiovisual stimuli differently from age, sex and IQ matched controls. When a voice saying /p/ was presented with a face articulating /k/, the controls predominantly heard /k/. Instead, the AS group heard /k/ and /t/ with almost equal frequency, but with large differences between individuals. There were no differences in gaze direction or unisensory perception between the AS and control participants that could have contributed to the audiovisual differences. We suggest an explanation in terms of weak support from the motor system for audiovisual speech perception in AS.

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“…The McGurk effect (i.e., illusory auditory perception influenced by discordant visual information) has been one frontrunner paradigm for studying MSI in TD individuals as well as in ASD (Foxe and Molholm 2009;Iarocci and McDonald 2006). While some studies have identified a diminished McGurk effect in ASD (Bebko et al 2014;Mongillo et al 2008;Williams et al 2004), others have found that the effect is contingent on developmental factors (Taylor et al 2010), socio-communicative impairments (Iarocci et al 2010, or task-related temporal factors (Woynaroski et al 2013).The speech-in-noise paradigm, which is based on the facilitatory effect of multisensory stimulation, has also been used to better understand multisensory integration processes in typical development as well as in ASD. Using the speech-in noise approach to compare adolescents with Abstract Previous studies have suggested audiovisual multisensory integration (MSI) may be atypical in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).…”

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confidence: 99%

Multisensory Integration of Low-level Information in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Measuring Susceptibility to the Flash-Beep Illusion

Bao

Doobay

Mottron

et al. 2017

J Autism Dev Disord

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Previous studies have suggested audiovisual multisensory integration (MSI) may be atypical in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, much of the research having found an alteration in MSI in ASD involved sociocommunicative stimuli. The goal of the current study was to investigate MSI abilities in ASD using lowerlevel stimuli that are not socio-communicative in nature by testing susceptibility to auditory-guided visual illusions. Adolescents and adults with ASD and typicallydeveloping (TD)individuals were shown to have similar susceptibility to a fission illusion. However, the ASD group was significantly more susceptible to the fusion illusion. Results suggest that individuals with ASD demonstrate MSI on the flashbeep illusion task but that their integration of audiovisual sensory information may be less selective than for TD individuals. Various theories attempt to explain the perceptual and sensory processing differences that make up the specific cognitive architecture of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and make the link between sensory processing and the core features (i.e., socio-communicative impairments and repetitive/restricted patterns of behaviors and interests) of ASD ( . One commonality to these cognitive theories is to hypothesize atypical sensory integration in ASD, both within and across sensory modalities (i.e., sight, hearing, touch, etc.).While research on Multisensory Integration (MSI) in ASD has expanded, there remain many questions to be answered with regard to the sensory integration capabilities of individuals with ASD. Much of the information on MSI in ASD has originated from studies examining the integration of sensory stimuli that are socio-communicative in nature (i.e., speech and faces; Brandwein et al. 2013;Mongillo et al. 2008). The McGurk effect (i.e., illusory auditory perception influenced by discordant visual information) has been one frontrunner paradigm for studying MSI in TD individuals as well as in ASD (Foxe and Molholm 2009;Iarocci and McDonald 2006). While some studies have identified a diminished McGurk effect in ASD (Bebko et al. 2014;Mongillo et al. 2008;Williams et al. 2004), others have found that the effect is contingent on developmental factors (Taylor et al. 2010), socio-communicative impairments (Iarocci et al. 2010, or task-related temporal factors (Woynaroski et al. 2013).The speech-in-noise paradigm, which is based on the facilitatory effect of multisensory stimulation, has also been used to better understand multisensory integration processes in typical development as well as in ASD. Using the speech-in noise approach to compare adolescents with Abstract Previous studies have suggested audiovisual multisensory integration (MSI) may be atypical in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, much of the research having found an alteration in MSI in ASD involved sociocommunicative stimuli. The goal of the current study was to investigate MSI abilities in ASD using lower-level stimuli that are not socio-communicative in nature by testing susceptibility to au...

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A Comparison of the Development of Audiovisual Integration in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Typically Developing Children

Cited by 80 publications

References 26 publications

Self-motion perception in autism is compromised by visual noise but integrated optimally across multiple senses

Self-motion perception in autism is compromised by visual noise but integrated optimally across multiple senses

Audiovisual Speech Perception and Eye Gaze Behavior of Adults with Asperger Syndrome

Multisensory Integration of Low-level Information in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Measuring Susceptibility to the Flash-Beep Illusion

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