A Comparison of the Development of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in Germ-Free and Conventional Mice

Wescott, Richard B.; Todd, A. C.

doi:10.2307/3276048

Cited by 30 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Similarly, a greater number of adult worms could be recovered from conventional compared to germ-free or gnotobiotic mice (mono-associated with a Lactobacillus species) following low-dose H. polygyrus bakeri infection (14). Comparable results were obtained in mice utilizing other helminth species, including Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (15) and Trichinella spiralis (16), and in chickens infected with Ascaridia galli (17). Together, these findings suggest that intestinal bacteria promote infection by parasitic helminths, a finding supported by a recent study showing that treatment of conventional BALB/c mice with Lactobacilli taiwanensis results in a greater establishment of H. polygyrus bakeri (18).…”

Section: Bacterial Interactions With Parasitic Helminthsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Interactions between the intestinal microbiome and helminth parasites

Zaiss

Harris

2015

Parasite Immunology

147

131

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SummaryThroughout evolution, both helminths and bacteria have inhabited our intestines. As intestinal helminths and bacteria inhabit the same environmental niche, it is likely that these organisms interact with, and impact on, each other. In addition, intestinal helminths are well known to alter intestinal physiology, permeability, mucous secretion and the production of antimicrobial peptides – all of which may impact on bacterial survival and spatial organization. Yet despite rapid advances in our understanding of host–intestinal bacteria interactions, the impact of helminths on this relationship has remained largely unexplored. Moreover, although intestinal helminths are generally accepted to possess potent immuno‐modulatory activity, it is unknown whether this capacity requires interactions with intestinal bacteria. We propose that this ‘ménage à trois’ situation is likely to have exerted a strong selective pressure on the development of our metabolic and immune systems. Whilst such pressures remain in developing countries, the eradication of helminths in industrialized countries has shifted this evolutionary balance, possibly underlying the increased development of chronic inflammatory diseases. Thus, helminth–bacteria interactions may represent a key determinant of healthy homoeostasis.

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Section: Bacterial Interactions With Parasitic Helminthsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Interactions between the intestinal microbiome and helminth parasites

Zaiss

Harris

2015

Parasite Immunology

147

131

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“…Presently available data also indicate that this normal microbiota almost always has a profound influence on host-parasite relationships. As an example, it is well known that the presence of intestinal microbiota is essential for the pathogenicity of some protozoa and helminthes such as Entamoeba histolytica (Phillips & Wolfe, 1959), Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Wescott & Todd, 1964), Nematospiroides dubius (Wescott, 1968), Trichinella spiralis (Przyjalkowski & Wescott, 1969), Eimeria tenella (Visco & Burns, 1972), Ascaridia galli (Johnson & Reid, 1973), Trichuris suis (Rutter & Beer, 1975), Eimeria falciformes (Owen, 1975), Eimeria ovinoidalis (Gouet et al, 1984) and Giardia duodenalis (Torres et al, 2000). In contrast, this microbiota can reduce the pathological consequences of other infectious diseases as described for experimental infections with Trypanosoma cruzi (Silva et al, 1987), Cryptococcus neoformans (Salkowski et al, 1987), Strongyloides venezuelensis (Martins et al, 2000) and almost all enteropathogenic bacteria (Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, Vibrio cholerae) (Wilson, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of normal microbiota on some aspects of the immune response during experimental infection with Trypanosoma cruzi in mice

Duarte

Silva

Vieira

et al. 2004

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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To study the influence of normal associated microbiota on systemic immunological responses during experimental Chagas' disease, germ-free and conventional NIH Swiss mice were infected with Y strain of Trypanosoma cruzi. Although no statistical differences in mortality and parasitaemia were found, conventional mice showed IFN-ª, TNF-AE and NO production (P , 0 . 05) by spleen cell cultures and higher blood levels of immunoglobulins of the IgG2a isotype (P , 0 . 05) when compared to their germ-free counterparts. Moreover, higher levels of IgG1 were also found in conventional animals. On the other hand, no differences in IL10 production were found between germ-free and conventional mice after infection (P , 0 . 05). Interestingly, spleen cell cultures from non-infected germ-free mice spontaneously produced higher levels of IL10 than cultures from conventional mice. Moreover, cultures from non-infected germ-free mice responded to T. cruzi antigens with IFN-ª production, contrary to cultures from conventional animals. In conclusion, the presence of the normal microbiota skews the immune response towards production of inflammatory cytokines during experimental infection with T. cruzi in mice. However, the increase in production of cytokines that is linked to resistance to this parasite did not alter the outcome of infection significantly, probably due to high virulence of the Y strain.

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“…The worm burden was found to be higher (following low-dose infection by Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri) in conventional mice as compared to that of germ free mice indicating higher fecundity in presence of microbes in the gut [35]. Studies with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis [36], Trichinella spiralis [37] and Ascaridia galli [38] also gave similar results. Even more recently Hashimoto et al [39] hypothesized that helminth mediated Th2 response (with respect to H. polygyrus) during the primary stages of infection leads to reduced number of eggs per gram of faeces, indicating a reduced fecundity.…”

Section: Augmenting the Fecundity Of Helminthsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Helminth Infections and Gut Microbiota: The Futuristic Study of Pathogen Virulence and Gut Ecosystem

Biswal¹

2016

J Mol Biomark Diagn

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The animal gut has co-evolved with the microbes and parasites leading to an increased tolerance to their existence therein. Their peaceful co-existence has been a subject of research in the recent years to decipher their probabilities in multidimensional applications ranging from eradicating the helminths without affecting gut homeostasis or using helminths as therapeutics. Negligence in any one of the components of the animal gut can lead to unhealthy gut ecosystems often manifesting a diseased state. Supply of key nutrients, synthesis of vitamins, resistance to invasion by pathogens and helping in hatching of helminth eggs are some important services provided by the gut bacteria that may well be utilised by the helminth. The gut bacteria thus seem to be exploited by the helminths for establishment of infection in the host. However, relationships are not as simple as it seems. The paper tries to present different aspects of this host-bacteria-helminth relationship and their future perspectives.

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A Comparison of the Development of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in Germ-Free and Conventional Mice

Cited by 30 publications

References 10 publications

Interactions between the intestinal microbiome and helminth parasites

Interactions between the intestinal microbiome and helminth parasites

Influence of normal microbiota on some aspects of the immune response during experimental infection with Trypanosoma cruzi in mice

Helminth Infections and Gut Microbiota: The Futuristic Study of Pathogen Virulence and Gut Ecosystem

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