A Comparison of the Child-Rearing Goals of Russian and U.S. University Students

Williams, Dannon; Ispa, Jean M.

doi:10.1177/0022022199030004008

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Soviet educators began calling for the encouragement of initiative, flexibility and independent problem-solving in children (Ispa, 1994). Williams and Ispa (1999) note that these changes have not been universal. There have been studies reporting that there is lasting support for traditional Soviet child-rearing ideas and that Russian parents who have been reared and socialized mainly according to traditional Soviet pedagogy continue to believe in the child-rearing orientation upon which they had been reared.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Physical punishment as perceived by parents in Russia: implications for professionals involved in the care of children

Shor

2006

Early Child Development and Care

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To contribute to a knowledge base about the approach of families in Russia towards implementing physical punishment, a study was conducted with 100 parents in St Petersburg. A majority of the participants indicated that it was legitimate to use some measure of physical punishment. The use of an object as a measure was considered acceptable by one-third of the participants, especially towards children in the age range 5-12. Forty percent of the participants thought that physical punishment should be implemented in a less harsh way towards girls. The most frequently mentioned rationale for its implementation was violation of collectivist-based norms. A majority of the participants expressed disapproval for state intervention in the way parents handle inappropriate behavior of children unless the situation was extreme. They also indicated a medium-to-low level of willingness to seek help from formal sources if their child has a problem. Since physical punishment is considered a risk factor for physical abuse, the findings illuminate the necessity for professionals involved in the care of children to design prevention and intervention programs that could reduce this risk.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Physical punishment as perceived by parents in Russia: implications for professionals involved in the care of children

Shor

2006

Early Child Development and Care

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“…Conceptualized as consisting of not only child-rearing values (Wang & Tamis-LeMonda, 2003) and of parent-child interactions (Keller et al, 2003), parents’ cultural belief systems also encompass child-rearing goals and the goals of human development (Rogoff, 2003; Williams & Ispa, 1999). Like parental beliefs, parenting goals represent cultural norms and values developed by a particular group in a society that function to provide optimal regulation of their social life (Goodnow, 2002).…”

Section: Goalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental goals and talk with toddlers

Rowe¹,

Casillas²

2010

Infant and Child Development

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Myriad studies support a relation between parental beliefs and behaviors. This study adds to the literature by focusing on the specific relationship between parental goals and their communication with toddlers. Do parents with different goals talk about different topics with their children? Parents' goals for their 30-month-olds were gathered using semi-structured interviews with 47 primary caregivers, whereas the topics of conversations that took place during interactions were investigated via coding videotapes of observations in the home. Parents' short-and long-term goals spanned several areas including educational, social-emotional, developmental and pragmatic goals. Parental utterances most frequently focused on pragmatic issues, followed by play and academic topics. Parents who mentioned long-term educational goals devoted more of their talk to academic topics and less to pragmatic topics, controlling for socio-economic status. Thus, parental goals differ and these differences relate to the conversations parents engage in with their children. KeywordsParental beliefs; parental goals; parent-child interaction; parental talk Parents influence multiple aspects of their child's development. While theories differ as to the specific role of the parent in child development, it is clear that understanding parents' beliefs about childrearing and their behaviors as parents provide insight into the mechanisms through which parents exert their influence upon children. In this study we address this larger issue by investigating the relation between parental goals and communication with children. Our specific interests focus on what parents talk about with their toddlers and whether or not their chosen topics of conversation relate to certain underlying goals (shortterm or long-term) they hold for their children. Parental Beliefs and BehaviorsParental beliefs are the framework that shapes parent-child interactions, and these systems lay the groundwork for all experiences the parent and child share together (Jimerson & Bond, 2001; McGillicuddy-De Lisi & Sigel, 1995). Parents' beliefs, consisting of ideas, knowledge, cognitions, values, goals, and attitudes pertaining to parent-child relationships, serve multiple functions (Bornstein & Cheah, 2006). Empirical studies show that parents' beliefs about child development have significant direct and indirect effects on children's cognitive, emotional, and social competence (Sigel & McGillicuddy-De Lisi, 2002). Not only do parental beliefs affect the developmental outcomes of children (Grusec, Rudy, & Martini, 1997;Harkness & Super, 1996), but they also influence parental behaviors, mediate the effectiveness of parenting practices, and assist in organizing parenting (Chao, 1996; Address correspondence to: Meredith Rowe, Department of Human Development 3304T Benjamin Building, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 mrowe@umd.edu. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptInfant Child Dev. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2012 September 1. NIH-PA Author Manuscript...

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“…In looking to uncover processes that underlie child socialization, cross-cultural comparisons help delineate the role of cultural ideologies and beliefs in shaping parental ideas regarding desired and undesired behaviors in children. Parental cultural belief systems have been conceptualized as consisting of various components, including "the concepts of mother-infant interactions" (Keller et al, 2003), "child rearing values" (Wang & Tamis-LeMonda, 2003), "child-rearing goals" (Williams & Ispa, 1999), and "goals of human development" (Rogoff, 2003). Conventionally, researchers operationalize these child-rearing goals as the desired qualities of personality and behavior that parents try to develop in their children (e.g., Cheah & Rubin, 2004;Olson, Kashiwagi, & Crystal, 2001;Wang & Tamis-LeMonda, 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Parents' Personal and Cultural Beliefs Regarding Young Children

Cheah

Chirkov

2008

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology

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Parental beliefs about desired socialization goals and the reasons why these goals were important were examined among Aboriginal and European Canadian mothers. These beliefs were examined on personal (desired by mothers for their own children) and cultural (perceived to be desired by mothers from each cultural group) levels; 50 Aboriginal and 51 European Canadian mothers of preschoolers were interviewed regarding their parenting beliefs. Commonalities in the tasks that mothers regard as relevant to a young child's social development were found across both groups. However, several goals, behaviors, and qualities were endorsed differently by mothers from the two cultures, according to cultural values and ideologies that were significant for each culture. Moreover, mothers did not automatically accept all culturally sanctioned values but held these values as significant for their own children in different degrees. The study highlights the significance of contemporary sociocultural issues in the cultural study of child socialization.

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A Comparison of the Child-Rearing Goals of Russian and U.S. University Students

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Physical punishment as perceived by parents in Russia: implications for professionals involved in the care of children

Physical punishment as perceived by parents in Russia: implications for professionals involved in the care of children

Parental goals and talk with toddlers

Parents' Personal and Cultural Beliefs Regarding Young Children

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