A comparison of symptoms after viewing text on a computer screen and hardcopy

Chu, Christina A.; Rosenfield, Mark; Portello, Joan K.; Benzoni, Jaclyn A.; Collier, Juanita D.

doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2010.00802.x

Cited by 97 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Thus, Benedetto and colleagues 15 compared a liquid crystal display (LCD) tablet, an electronic ink reader (E-ink) and a paper book, describing an overall subjective preference for the paper book, with the LCD tablet presenting the worst results in terms of visual fatigue and reduction in SEBR, which the authors attributed to the higher level of luminance emitted by the LCD device. On the contrary, Chu et al, 16 while also reporting higher levels of discomfort (in terms of blurred vision) when viewing a text on the computer screen, did not uncover any difference in SEBR between both conditions. 17 Interestingly, however, they described a higher percentage of incomplete blinks during computer use, which may have accounted for ocular discomfort.…”

mentioning

confidence: 84%

Blink Rate and Incomplete Blinks in Six Different Controlled Hard-Copy and Electronic Reading Conditions

Argilés

Cardona

Pérez‐Cabré

et al. 2015

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

110

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PURPOSE. To evaluate spontaneous eye blink rate (SEBR) and percentage of incomplete blinks in different hard-copy and visual display terminal (VDT) reading conditions, compared with baseline conditions. METHODS.A sample of 50 participants (29 females, age range, 18-74 years) were recruited for this study. All participants had good ocular health and reported no symptoms of dry eye (OSDI score < 15). Face video recordings were captured while participants observed in silence a landscape picture at 2 m (baseline) and during six different, 6-minute controlled reading experimental conditions. Texts were presented in electronic (tablet and computer display at 100% and 330% zoom levels) and hard-copy (text in book position in silence and aloud and text pasted on the computer display) formats. Video analysis was subsequently conducted to assess blink parameters.RESULTS. All reading conditions resulted in a decrease in SEBR when compared with baseline conditions (all P < 0.001), with the least negative impact corresponding to reading in a 330% expanded display. The percentage of incomplete blinks was found to increase when reading was conducted on an electronic platform, in contrast to hard-copy text.CONCLUSIONS. The high cognitive demands associated with a reading task led to a reduction in SEBR, irrespective of type of reading platform. However, only electronic reading resulted in an increase in the percentage of incomplete blinks, which may account for the symptoms experienced by VDT users.Keywords: blinking amplitude, saccades, spontaneous eye blink rate, reading task OBJETIVOS. Evaluar la frecuencia espontánea de parpadeo (FEP) y el porcentaje de parpadeos incompletos en diferentes condiciones de lectura, incluyendo texto en papel y en terminales de visualización de datos (TVD), en comparación con condiciones baseline.MÉTODOS. Una muestra de 50 participantes (29 mujeres, edades entre 18 y 74 años) fue reclutada. Todos los participantes tenían buena salud ocular y no presentaban síntomas de ojo seco (OSDI < 15). Se capturaron vídeos mientras los participantes observaban en silencio una imagen situada a 2 metros (baseline), y en seis diferentes condiciones controladas de lectura (durante 6 minutos). Los textos se presentaron en formato electrónico (tableta, pantalla con un nivel de zoom de 100% y de 330%) y papel (libro en silencio y en voz alta y texto pegado encima de la pantalla). Posteriormente, se analizaron los vídeos para evaluar los parámetros del parpadeo.RESULTADOS. Todas las condiciones de lectura provocaron una disminución de la FEP al compararlas con el baseline (todas las P < 0.001), siendo el impacto menos negativo en el caso de la pantalla expandida a 330%. El porcentaje de parpadeos incompletos aumentó durante la lectura electrónica, en comparación con papel.CONCLUSIONES. La demanda cognitiva asociada a la lectura origina una disminución en FEP en todas las plataformas de lectura. Sin embargo, sólo la lectura electrónica ocasiona un aumento del porcentaje de parpadeo incompleto, lo que puede explicar l...

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mentioning

confidence: 84%

Blink Rate and Incomplete Blinks in Six Different Controlled Hard-Copy and Electronic Reading Conditions

Argilés

Cardona

Pérez‐Cabré

et al. 2015

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…1 The VDT based activities differ from other near vision tasks by the virtue of complementary influences peculiar to its use. These are device factors, user's personal factors, as well as environmental and ergonomic factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer and visual display terminals (VDT) vision syndrome (CVDTS)

Parihar

Jain

Chaturvedi

et al. 2016

Medical Journal Armed Forces India

116

122

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m e d i c a l j o u r n a l a r m e d f o r c e s i n d i a 7 2 ( 2 0 1 6 ) 2 7 0 -2 7 6 a r t i c l e i n f o The use of these devices has made our life simple in household work as well as in offices.However the prolonged use of these devices is not without any complication. Computer and visual display terminals syndrome is a constellation of symptoms ocular as well as extraocular associated with prolonged use of visual display terminals. This syndrome is gaining importance in this modern era because of the widespread use of technologies in day-to-day life. It is associated with asthenopic symptoms, visual blurring, dry eyes, musculoskeletal symptoms such as neck pain, back pain, shoulder pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, psychosocial factors, venous thromboembolism, shoulder tendonitis, and elbow epicondylitis. Proper identification of symptoms and causative factors are necessary for the accurate diagnosis and management. This article focuses on the various aspects of the computer vision display terminals syndrome described in the previous literature. Further research is needed for the better understanding of the complex pathophysiology and management. #

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“…6) [70]. Moreover, the phone's image quality was scored higher than the NEDs' image quality, but no significant differences among the NEDs' image qualities were found.…”

Section: Other Subjective Opinions and Relationships Between Parametersmentioning

confidence: 78%

Reading e-books on a near-to-eye display: Comparison between a small-sized multimedia display and a hard copy

2012

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Eighty-seven participants read an e-book either from a near-to-eye display, a small-size display or a hard copy. Eyestrain, visually induced motion sickness, changes in visual functioning, user experience, and the essential optical parameters of the reading equipment were evaluated. The results indicate that reading from a hard copy was the most comfortable experience. All near-to-eye displays induced eyestrain and sickness symptoms, but the magnitude of these symptoms varied according to the device. The adverse symptoms were related to problems with the display optics and design, text layout, headset fit, use context, and individual differences. Keywords: near-to-eye display, small-sized display, eyestrain, discomfort, readingReading text is a complex and highly automated process during which readers extract visual information from the page and comprehend the text's meaning [1,2]. Depending on a reader's motivations, the text type, the media format, and the context, the process of reading varies between and within readers [3]. For example, reading a printed book may be an engrossing, effortless, and relaxing experience that lasts for hours, whereas reading the same text in electronic format may be a consciously demanding process because of poor text legibility and technology-related limitations [3,4,5,2,74,75]. As a result, the reader may experience frustration, fatigue, eyestrain or visual discomfort, which could affect reading-related practices [6,7].

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A comparison of symptoms after viewing text on a computer screen and hardcopy

Cited by 97 publications

References 11 publications

Blink Rate and Incomplete Blinks in Six Different Controlled Hard-Copy and Electronic Reading Conditions

Blink Rate and Incomplete Blinks in Six Different Controlled Hard-Copy and Electronic Reading Conditions

Computer and visual display terminals (VDT) vision syndrome (CVDTS)

Reading e-books on a near-to-eye display: Comparison between a small-sized multimedia display and a hard copy

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