A Comparison of Strains of Bacteria Designated Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii

Fillery, Edward D.; Bowden, G. H.; Hardie, J. M.

doi:10.1159/000260349

Cited by 74 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Thus, nonspecific, specious duplexes are eliminated and the method emphasizes differences between microorganisms. The method successfully discriminated the three "clusters" detected by Fillery et al (6).…”

Section: Hybridization On Filtersmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…clusters 1, 5, and 3, respectively). Thus, the phenotypic differences observed by Fillery et al (6) and compared and contrasted by their computer methods, are manifestations of molecular differences whose underlying DNA base sequences are large enough to be detected by a lack of complete DNA hybridization, especially with the S1 nuclease method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later, a number of strains which had been extensively characterized for a numerical taxonomy study (6) became available through the kindness of E. D. Fillery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ( Table 2). This second group was compared by DNA hybridization in free solution, using singlestrand-specific nuclease (1).…”

Section: Bacterial Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deoxyribonucleic Acid Hybridization Among Strains of Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii

Coykendall

Munzenmaier

1979

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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Deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) were extracted from strains of Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii and were compared by DNA-DNA hybridization. When their DNAs were compared by hybridization on membrane filters, A. viscosus strains from humans were barely separable from A. naeslundii strains, but A. viscosus strains from hamsters were distinctly different. A. uiscosus strains from veterinary infections were identical to human strains. With the use of the more sensitive S1 nuclease hybridization method with DNA from a set of strains that had been used in a numerical taxonomy study, typical A. viscosus strains from humans could be distinguished from typical A. naeslundii strains. A group of atypical A. naeslundii strains could also be delineated. The results generally parallel the taxonomic divisions of these organisms based on serology or numerical taxonomy. A. viscosus strains from humans and A. naeslundii strains are similar but distinguishable, but A. viscosus strains from hamsters are clearly separable.Howell (12) and Howell and Jordan (13) described a filamentous organism which had been found associated with periodontal disease in laboratory hamsters (16). It closely resembled Actinomyces naeslundii but was catalase positive and hydrolyzed starch. Since catalase-positive organisms were not included in the genus Actinomyces at that time, the "hamster organism" was placed in a new genus and species, Odontomyces viscosus gen. nov. (14).When it was recommended that catalase-positive bacteria be accepted in the genus Actinomyces, Odontomyces viscosus was renamed Actinomyces uiscosus (8). Gerencser and Slack (9) isolated A. viscosus strains from human mouths and found that they differed serologically from the hamster organism. Hamster strains were designated serotype 1, and human strains were designated serotype 2. Georg et al. found both A. uiscosus serotypes 1 and 2 in veterinary infections (7). Both hamster and human A. viscosus strains as well as A. naeslundii strains will cause periodontal disease in experimental animals (15, 16, 21). However, there are distinct differences between A. viscosus and A. naeslundii. They can be distinguished by their catalase reaction, cell wall carbohydrates, and serological properties (20). However their overall phenotypic similarity is great, and when compared by numerical taxonomic methods the two species are similar (6, 11). To clarify the relationships among A. naeslundii, human A. viscosus, and animal A. viscosus strains, deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs) from several strains of these organisms were compared based on their ability to form hybrid duplexes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bacterial strains.The hybridization experiments were carried out by two methods and on two groups of strains, The first study was a comparison of several strains by hybridization of their DNA on membrane filters (Table 1). Later, a number of strains which had been extensively characterized for a numerical taxonomy study (6) became available through the kindness of E. D. Fillery, University of Tor...

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Section: Hybridization On Filtersmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Hybridization Among Strains of Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii

Coykendall

Munzenmaier

1979

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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“…However, high degrees of phenotypic (8,16,(33)(34)(35) and serological (5, 10, 14) relatedness between Actinomyces naeslundii and human isolates of Actinomyces viscosus have been reported previously. Gerencser (9) noted that "all recent evidence seems to support the earlier suggestions that A. naeslundii and A. viscosus are varieties of a single species," but she retained the current classification of considering catalase-negative strains A. naeslundii and catalasepositive strains A. viscosus, as did Schaal (31).…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Actinomyces georgiae sp. nov., Actinomyces gerencseriae sp. nov., Designation of Two Genospecies of Actinomyces naeslundii, and Inclusion of A. naeslundii serotypes II and III and Actinomyces viscosus serotype II in A. naeslundii Genospecies 2

Johnson

Moore²,

Kaneko³

et al. 1990

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

152

132

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“…Rodent strains of A. viscosus are different from human isolates serologically and in some other ways. Simply combining A. naeslundii and A. viscosus into a single species does not appear to solve the problem since subclusters within each species occur in numerical studies (9,10,16). Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-DNA homology studies support division of A. naeslundii and A .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis of Whole-Cell Preparations of Actinomyces spp.

McCORMICK

Mengoli

Gerencser³

1985

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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We developed a method for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole cells of Actinomyces spp. The major advantage of this methad is its ease of operation since it obviates the need for the preparation of bacterial extracts. Whole-cell samples were prepared by incubating washed, packed cells in 6 M urea at 37°C for 24 h. The results of disc gel electrophoresis of these whole-cell samples were compared with the results of electrophoresis of soluble protein extracts of the bacteria run under the same conditions. A large number of bands were obtained with the whole-cell preparations, and these bands were resolved better than bands obtained with the protein extracts. A total of 22 strains of Actinomyces spp. were examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of urea-treated whole cells. A cluster analysis of the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis band patterns showed that the strains clustered first according to serotype and then according to species. Overall, two main divisions were identified, one containing Actinomyces bovis, Actinomyces odontolyticus, and Actinontyces israelii and one containing Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslurtdii. This method should be a valuable tool in studying the taxonomy of Actinomyces spp.In Bergey 's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th ed. (181, the genus Actinomyces is divided into five species. Since the publication of Bergey's Manual, the species Corynebacterium pyogenes has been transferred to Actinomyces (9, the specific epithet Actinomyces meyeri has been revived (3), and three new animal species, Actinomyces denticolens (7), Actinornyces howellii (8), and Actinomyces hordeovulneris (2), have been described. A number of problems in the classification of Actinomyces remain. Many normal flora isolates from oral cavities cannot be placed in a species and several studies raise questions concerning some of the species divisions given in Bergey's Manual.Two numerical taxonomy studies (10, 16) suggest that Actinomyces israelii may deserve recognition as a separate genus. These studies and others (6, 9) raise questions concerning the species Actinomyces naeslundii and Actinomyces viscosus. A. naeslundii and A . viscosus are closely related phenotypically, demonstrating about the same degree ofrelatedness in numerical studies as the two serotypes of A. israelii do (10). Rodent strains of A. viscosus are different from human isolates serologically and in some other ways. Simply combining A. naeslundii and A. viscosus into a single species does not appear to solve the problem since subclusters within each species occur in numerical studies (9,10,16). Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-DNA homology studies support division of A. naeslundii and A . viscosus into two species and separation of rodent and human isolates of A. viscosus (6).Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) could prove to be valuable in answering these taxonomic questions. PAGE of soluble proteins can be used to differentiate closely related bacteria (1,11,13,17) and has been used to show differences among stra...

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A Comparison of Strains of Bacteria Designated Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii

Cited by 74 publications

References 14 publications

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Hybridization Among Strains of Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Hybridization Among Strains of Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii

Actinomyces georgiae sp. nov., Actinomyces gerencseriae sp. nov., Designation of Two Genospecies of Actinomyces naeslundii, and Inclusion of A. naeslundii serotypes II and III and Actinomyces viscosus serotype II in A. naeslundii Genospecies 2

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis of Whole-Cell Preparations of Actinomyces spp.

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