A comparison of several procedures to estimate the confidence interval for attributable risk in case-control studies

Llorca, Javier; Delgado-Rodrı́guez, Miguel

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(20000430)19:8<1089::aid-sim411>3.0.co;2-0

Cited by 48 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…In order to estimate the 99% CIs for ARp, we used a method proposed by Greenland,20 which is based on the Mantel–Haenszel estimation and is consistent for sparse data as found in individually matched studies. Since it exists several variance formulas in the literature, we also derived 99% CIs using the bootstrap method,35 and results were very similar (see online supplementary material). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Occupational and non-occupational attributable risk of asbestos exposure for malignant pleural mesothelioma

Lacourt¹,

Gramond

Rolland

et al. 2014

Thorax

129

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Occupational and non-occupational attributable risk of asbestos exposure for malignant pleural mesothelioma

Lacourt¹,

Gramond

Rolland

et al. 2014

Thorax

129

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“…We used bootstrap sampling, as applied to data collected under a case–control design, to estimate 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the crude PAFs and aaPAFs [71]. All CIs were truncated at zero under the assumption that elimination of a potential risk factor would not increase the number of cases of HLHS or TOF.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proportion of selected congenital heart defects attributable to recognized risk factors

Simeone

Tinker

Gilboa

et al. 2016

Annals of Epidemiology

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Purpose To assess the contribution of multiple risk factors for two congenital heart defects—hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Methods We used data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (1997–2011) to estimate average adjusted population attributable fractions for several recognized risk factors, including maternal prepregnancy overweight–obesity, pregestational diabetes, age, and infant sex. Results There were 594 cases of isolated simple HLHS, 971 cases of isolated simple TOF, and 11,829 controls in the analysis. Overall, 57.0% of HLHS cases and 37.0% of TOF cases were estimated to be attributable to risk factors included in our model. Among modifiable HLHS risk factors, maternal pre-pregnancy overweight–obesity accounted for the largest proportion of cases (6.5%). Among modifiable TOF risk factors, maternal prepregnancy overweight–obesity and maternal age of 35 years or older accounted for the largest proportions of cases (8.3% and 4.3%, respectively). Conclusions Approximately half of HLHS cases and one-third of TOF cases were estimated to be attributable to risk factors included in our models. Interventions targeting factors that can be modified may help reduce the risk of HLHS and TOF development. Additional research into the etiology of HLHS and TOF may reveal other modifiable risk factors that might contribute to primary prevention efforts.

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“…We calculated attributable risk from estimated odds ratios and prevalence rates for each of 2000 replications. The 95% confidence interval limits were the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of the bootstrap distribution, which avoids any normality assumption 18 19. In the absence of certainty regarding the confounding role of certain cofactors, we propose a double estimation, adjusted for all the cofactors used in the analysis, or on cannabis and alcohol alone (and other drugs, when appropriate).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis intoxication and fatal road crashes in France: population based case-control study

Laumon

Gadegbeku

Martin

et al. 2005

BMJ

291

229

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Objectives To evaluate the relative risk of being responsible for a fatal crash while driving under the influence of cannabis, the prevalence of such drivers within the driving population, and the corresponding share of fatal crashes. Design Population based case-control study. Participants 10 748 drivers, with known drug and alcohol concentrations, who were involved in fatal crashes in France from October 2001 to September 2003. Main outcome measures The cases were the 6766 drivers considered at fault in their crash; the controls were 3006 drivers selected from the 3982 other drivers. Positive detection of cannabis was defined as a blood concentration of 9 tetrahydrocannabinol of over 1 ng/ml. The prevalence of positive drivers in the driving population was estimated by standardising controls on drivers not at fault who were involved in crashes resulting in slight injuries. Results 681 drivers were positive for cannabis (cases 8.8%, controls 2.8%), including 285 with an illegal blood alcohol concentration ( ≥ 0.5 g/l). Positive cannabis detection was associated with increased risk of responsibility (odds ratio 3.32, 95% confidence interval 2.63 to 4.18). A significant dose effect was identified; the odds ratio increased from 2.18 (1.22 to 3.89) if 0 < 9 tetrahydrocannabinol < 1 ng/ml to 4.72 (3.04 to 7.33) if 9 tetrahydrocannabinol ≥ 5 ng/ml. The effect of cannabis remains significant after adjustment for different cofactors, including alcohol, with which no statistical interaction was observed. The prevalence of cannabis (2.9%) estimated for the driving population is similar to that for alcohol (2.7%). At least 2.5% (1.5% to 3.5%) of fatal crashes were estimated as being attributable to cannabis, compared with 28.6% for alcohol (26.8% to 30.5%). Conclusions Driving under the influence of cannabis increases the risk of involvement in a crash. However, in France its share in fatal crashes is significantly lower than that associated with positive blood alcohol concentration.

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A comparison of several procedures to estimate the confidence interval for attributable risk in case-control studies

Cited by 48 publications

References 24 publications

Occupational and non-occupational attributable risk of asbestos exposure for malignant pleural mesothelioma

Occupational and non-occupational attributable risk of asbestos exposure for malignant pleural mesothelioma

Proportion of selected congenital heart defects attributable to recognized risk factors

Cannabis intoxication and fatal road crashes in France: population based case-control study

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