A comparison of seven methods for continuous therapeutic cooling of the equine digit

Eps, A. W. van; Orsini, James A.

doi:10.1111/evj.12384

Cited by 46 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We can then speculate that due to the reduction of the surface temperature of the limb post-ice boot, there is also a reduction of the temperature of the soft tissue beneath the skin in that area. To investigate further, studies have shown that the application of the standard melting ice cools better than gel wraps and chemical ice envelopes (Van Eps and Orsini, 2016), so a study could be done evaluating the difference between commercially available ice boots and standard melting ice. Results of this study indicate the usefulness of these ice boots on horses to reduce the surface temperature of the horse's legs and furthermore the temperature of the soft tissue beneath the skin.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic effects of commercially available ice boots

Quintanar¹,

Millar²,

Burd³

2018

Open Vet J.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The limb of the equine athlete is subjected to all types of various stressors during exercise. To ensure the health of the horse and to prevent the possibility of lameness, it has been a common practice to apply cold therapy to the distal limb of the horse pre-and post-exercise. Commercially available boots are widely available for the application of cold therapy. To test the effectiveness of the boot, 6 healthy performance level sport type horses were exercised at a walk, trot, and canter in a round-pen and then subjected to the application of the ice boot for 20 minutes on a treatment leg, and no ice boot on an untreated leg. Thermal images were taken of the 3 rd metacarpal region pre-exercise, postexercise, post-ice boot, and every 2 minutes after until the difference between the temperatures of the control leg and the treatment leg became zero. The images were analyzed using an analysis software (FLIR Tools) to determine the average temperature of the 3 rd metacarpal region at each time point. The measured temperatures between treatments were found to be significantly different due to the application of the ice boot, providing evidence that the boot sufficiently cools the leg (P<.01). Thereafter, a 95% confidence interval was created to depict the average time it took for the cooled leg to return to average temperature post-ice boot, suggesting that it takes about 14.67 minutes for the difference between the temperatures of the cooled leg versus the non-cooled leg to become zero. This finding is significant to horse owners, trainers, and veterinarians that use this commonly available tool. These findings lend evidence to support the common practice of using cold therapy in treatment of disease in the horse.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic effects of commercially available ice boots

Quintanar¹,

Millar²,

Burd³

2018

Open Vet J.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…fluids, and less commonly used agents include polymixin B, enteral adsorbents, and plasma . Cryotherapy of the distal limbs can attenuate lamellar damage and should improve management of horses at risk or that develop laminitis from perioperative sepsis .…”

Section: Role Of Post‐operative Pharmacological Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fifty years of colic surgery

Freeman

2018

Equine Veterinary Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Colic surgery is one of few treatments in which a veterinarian can use a skill to save an animal's life from a deadly disease within a short timeframe. Unfortunately, such success is not achieved without considerable risk for surgical failure, which is responsible for most complications in the immediate post-operative period. The last 50 years have witnessed considerable improvements in colic surgery, although a ranking of the most important ones might not meet with universal agreement. Teamwork plays a critical role in the final outcome, starting and finishing with the referring veterinarian and owner. These individuals are responsible for promptly transferring the horse to a surgical facility and then dealing with aftercare and delayed complications. The surgeon is responsible for the intervening steps, including the decision on the need for surgery, and works with the anaesthesiologist to help a metabolically challenged patient to tolerate surgery and anaesthesia. Although early referral and improved diagnostic procedures can have a positive influence on survival, perceived improvements in surgery and anaesthesia need to be reviewed with some circumspection. Although more rigorous definitions and statistical analyses used in recent studies can invalidate comparisons with older studies, complication rates appear to be on the rise, despite putative improvements in dealing with them. This trend tends to diminish the value of colic surgery through increasing costs, overreliance on post-operative pharmacological management, growing pessimism, high rates of intraoperative euthanasia, and possibly reduced long-term survival. Future efforts should address these concerns, mostly through emphasis on prompt referral, good surgical technique and reducing the cost of colic surgery to an affordable level that saves more lives.

show abstract

“…pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in multiple disease processes, targeted therapy through hypothermia for these individual processes has been the focus in both human (Crouser 8 2012, Coyan et al 2014, Yuan et al 2014) and now veterinary medicine (van Eps and Pollitt 2004, van Eps 2010, Kullmann et al 2014, van Eps et al 2014, van Eps and Orsini 2016. Hypothermia has been documented to decrease leukocyte infiltration and cytokine expression, leading to decreased end organ inflammation and injury in multiple disease states in humans and animal models of human disease (Crouser 2012, Rim et al 2012, Yenari and Han 2012, Coyan et al 2014, Yuan et al 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of hypothermia on influx of leukocytes in the digital lamellae of horses with oligofructose-induced laminitis

Godman

Burns

Kelly

et al. 2016

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sepsis-related laminitis (SRL) is a common complication in the septic/endotoxemic critically-ill equine patient, in which lamellar injury and failure commonly lead to crippling distal displacement of the distal phalanx. Similar to organ injury in human sepsis, lamellar injury in SRL has been associated with inflammatory events, including the influx of leukocytes into the lamellar tissue and markedly increased expression of a wide array of inflammatory mediators at the onset of Obel grade 1 (OG1) laminitis. The only treatment reported both clinically and experimentally to protect the lamellae in SRL, local hypothermia ("cryotherapy"), has been demonstrated to effectively inhibit lamellar expression of multiple inflammatory mediators when initiated at the time of administration of a carbohydrate overload in experimental models of SRL. However, the effect of hypothermia on leukocyte influx into affected tissue has not been assessed. We hypothesized that cryotherapy inhibits leukocyte emigration into the digital lamellae in SRL. Immunohistochemical staining using leukocyte markers MAC387 (marker of neutrophils, activated monocytes) and CD163 (monocyte/macrophage-specific marker) was performed on archived lamellar tissue samples from an experimental model of SRL in which one forelimb was maintained at ambient temperature (AMB) and one forelimb was immersed in ice water (ICE) immediately following enteral oligofructose administration (10g/kg, n=14 horses). Lamellae were harvested at 24h post-oligofructose administration (DEV, n=7) or at the onset of OG1 laminitis (OG1, n=7). Both MAC387-positive and CD163-positive cells were counted by a single blinded investigator on images [n=10 (40× fields/digit for MAC387 and 20x fields/digit for CD163)] obtained using Aperio microscopy imaging analysis software. Data were assessed for normality and analyzed with a paired t-test and one-way ANOVA with significance set at p<0.05. MAC387-positive cells were present in low numbers in the lamellar tissue and were decreased in the hypothermic limbs (vs. AMB limbs, p<0.05) in the OG1 group; no change in CD163-positive cell numbers was noted across the conditions of the model. This study demonstrated that hypothermia of the distal limbs instituted early in the disease process in the horse at risk of SRL significantly attenuates the increase of MAC387-positive leukocytes in the digital lamellae, but has minimal effect on increases in lamellar concentrations of the major leukocyte cell type present in that tissue, CD163-positive mononuclear cells.

show abstract

A comparison of seven methods for continuous therapeutic cooling of the equine digit

Cited by 46 publications

References 20 publications

Thermodynamic effects of commercially available ice boots

Thermodynamic effects of commercially available ice boots

Fifty years of colic surgery

The effect of hypothermia on influx of leukocytes in the digital lamellae of horses with oligofructose-induced laminitis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About