A comparison of self-reported to cotinine-detected smoking status among adults in Georgia

Age–sex differences in the global burden of lower respiratory infections and risk factors, 1990–2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

“…53 Biomarkerbased exposure assessment such as cotinine could help improve the accuracy of smoking and second hand smoke data. 52,53 Although our results represent the LRI burden before the COVID19 pandemic, the effect of the pandemic on LRIs needs to be investigated further. The pandemic was linked to a reduction of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infections, probably as a result of mitigation measures, including mask wearing and social distancing.…”

“…Individuals aged 70 years and older, on the other hand, had the highest incidence rate per 100 000 population of all age groups: 25 786•6 (23 182•5-28 975•4) for males and 19 819•9 (17 921•3-22 072•6) for females. Of all super regions, South Asia had the highest incidence rate per 100 000 population among both males aged 70 years and older (48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)) and females aged 70 years and older (38 852•6 [34 264•3-44 606•1]; appendix 2 pp 34-37).…”

“…Studies have indicated that selfreported smoking prevalence data might be prone to underestimation depending on respondents' perception of the social acceptance of smoking. 51,52 Secondhand smoke exposure data might also be prone to recall bias. 53 Biomarkerbased exposure assessment such as cotinine could help improve the accuracy of smoking and second hand smoke data.…”

Comment on “Long-term Prognosis After Elective Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair is Poor in Women and Men: The Challenges Remain”

“…6 Hippocrates, the father of Medicine, was the first to encourage physicians to look beyond the physical features of a disease and to consider patients as a unique psychosomatic entity. 7 The improvements in surgical skills/techniques may indeed improve perioperative outcomes, but they are unlikely to have an effect on the persistently high and alarmingly poor long-term prognosis of AAA patients. 1 Vascular surgeons should not only focus on the surgical treatment of AAAs, but should employ a holistic approach and address the high CV risk of AAA patients to improve long-term survival rates.…”

“…6 Still, one third of the Dutch patients included in our intervention studies, 3,4 reported active smoking. Considering this high prevalence and the fact that self-reported smoking behavior may underestimate actual smoking behavior (particularly in women) 7 a strong and persistent focus on smoking cessation in the management of AAA patients is warranted.…”